Grow fast but don't die young: Maternal effects mediate life‐history trade‐offs of lizards under climate warming

As postulated by life‐history theory, not all life‐history traits can be maximized simultaneously. In ectothermic animals, climate warming is predicted to increase growth rates, but at a cost to overall life span. Maternal effects are expected to mediate this life‐history trade‐off, but such effects...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of animal ecology 2021-06, Vol.90 (6), p.1550-1559
Main Authors: Hao, Xin, Zou, Ting‐Ting, Han, Xing‐Zhi, Zhang, Fu‐Shun, Du, Wei‐Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adaptive plasticity
Climate
Climate change
Climate prediction
climate warming
Factorial design
Global warming
Growth rate
Life span
life‐history trade‐off
Lizards
maternal effect
Maternal effects
Metabolic rate
Offspring
reptile
Survival
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Summary:As postulated by life‐history theory, not all life‐history traits can be maximized simultaneously. In ectothermic animals, climate warming is predicted to increase growth rates, but at a cost to overall life span. Maternal effects are expected to mediate this life‐history trade‐off, but such effects have not yet been explicitly elucidated. To understand maternal effects on the life‐history responses to climate warming in lizard offspring, we conducted a manipulative field experiment on a desert‐dwelling viviparous lacertid lizard Eremias multiocellata, using open‐top chambers in a factorial design (maternal warm climate and maternal present climate treatments × offspring warm climate and offspring present climate treatments). We found that the maternal warm climate treatment had little impact on the physiological and life‐history traits of adult females (i.e. metabolic rate, reproductive output, growth and survival). However, the offspring warm climate treatment significantly affected offspring growth, and both maternal and offspring warm climate treatments interacted to affect offspring survival. Offspring from the warm climate treatment grew faster than those from the present climate treatment. However, the offspring warm climate treatment significantly decreased the survival rate of offspring from maternal present climate treatment, but not for those from the maternal warm climate treatment. Our study demonstrates that maternal effects mediate the trade‐off between growth and survival of offspring lizards, allowing them to grow fast without a concurrent cost of low survival rate (short life span). These findings stress the importance of adaptive maternal effects in buffering the impact of climate warming on organisms, which may help us to accurately predict the vulnerability of populations and species to future warming climates. The authors fully factorial warming experiment using open‐top chambers demonstrated that maternal effects mediate the growth‐survival tradeoff of lizards under climate warming. This finding challenges a rarely tested assumption underlying life‐history tradeoff: the limitation of an energy budget, and stresses the importance of adaptive maternal effects in buffering the impact of climate warming on organisms.
ISSN:0021-8790
1365-2656
DOI:10.1111/1365-2656.13475