Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions, mechanisms, and prospects

Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decrease...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety 2021-03, Vol.20 (2), p.2234-2262
Main Authors: Bu, Tingting, Zheng, Jiexia, Liu, Ling, Li, Shanshan, Wu, Jianping
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
bioactive peptides
Bone and Bones
Bone Density
Bone diseases
Bone growth
bone health
Bone loss
Bone mineral density
Bone remodeling
Bone resorption
Bone turnover
Calcium
Dairy products
Epidemiology
Fermentation
Metabolism
Milk
Milk Proteins
molecular mechanism
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteogenesis
Osteoporosis
Peptides
Proteins
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Summary:Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Epidemiological and clinical evidence support that consumption of dairy products is beneficial for bone health; this benefit is often attributed to the presence of calcium, the physiological contributions of milk proteins on bone metabolism, however, are underestimated. Emerging evidence highlighted that not only milk proteins (including individual milk proteins) but also their derived peptides positively regulate bone remodeling and attenuate bone loss, via the regulation of cellular markers and signaling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article aims to review current knowledge about the roles of milk proteins, with an emphasis on individual milk proteins, bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, and effect of milk processing in particular fermentation, on bone metabolism, to highlight the potential uses of milk proteins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and, to discuss the knowledge gap and to recommend future research directions.
ISSN:1541-4337
1541-4337
DOI:10.1111/1541-4337.12707