Oral microbiome in down syndrome and its implications on oral health

Introduction: The oral cavity harbors an abundant and diverse microbial community (i.e. the microbiome), whose composition and roles in health and disease have been the focus of intense research. Down syndrome (DS) is associated with particular characteristics in the oral cavity, and with a lower in...

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Published in:Journal of oral microbiology 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.1865690-1865690
Main Authors: Willis, Jesse R., Iraola-Guzmán, Susana, Saus, Ester, Ksiezopolska, Ewa, Cozzuto, Luca, Bejarano, Luis A., Andreu-Somavilla, Nuria, Alloza-Trabado, Miriam, Puig-Sola, Anna, Blanco, Andrea, Broglio, Elisabetta, Carolis, Carlo, Hecht, Jochen, Ponomarenko, Julia, Gabaldón, Toni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age composition
Candida
Composition
Dental caries
Down syndrome
Down's syndrome
Geographical distribution
Gingivitis
Microbiomes
Microorganisms
Next-generation sequencing
Oral cavity
Oral microbiome
oral mycobiome
Original
Periodontitis
Population control
Proteomics
rRNA 16S
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Summary:Introduction: The oral cavity harbors an abundant and diverse microbial community (i.e. the microbiome), whose composition and roles in health and disease have been the focus of intense research. Down syndrome (DS) is associated with particular characteristics in the oral cavity, and with a lower incidence of caries and higher incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis compared to control populations. However, the overall composition of the oral microbiome in DS and how it varies with diverse factors like host age or the pH within the mouth are still poorly understood. Methods: Using a Citizen-Science approach in collaboration with DS associations in Spain, we performed 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing, combined with culture and proteomics-based identification of fungi to survey the bacterial and fungal oral microbiome in 27 DS persons (age range 7-55) and control samples matched by geographical distribution, age range, and gender. Results: We found that DS is associated with low salivary pH and less diverse oral microbiomes, which were characterized by lower levels of Alloprevotella, Atopobium, Candidatus Saccharimonas, and higher amounts of Kingella, Staphylococcus, Gemella, Cardiobacterium, Rothia, Actinobacillus, and greater prevalence of Candida. Conclusion: Altogether, our study provides a first global snapshot of the oral microbiome in DS. Future studies are required to establish whether the observed differences are related to differential pathology in the oral cavity in DS.
ISSN:2000-2297
2000-2297
DOI:10.1080/20002297.2020.1865690