Use of DNA methylation profiling in translational oncology

DNA methylation is a highly regulated process that has a critical role in human development and homeostatic control of the cell. The number of genes affected by anomalous DNA methylation in cancer-associated pathways is swiftly accelerating and with the advancement of molecular technologies, new lay...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in cancer biology 2022-08, Vol.83, p.523-535
Main Authors: Ortiz-Barahona, Vanessa, Joshi, Ricky S., Esteller, Manel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics
DNA Methylation
DNA methylation biomarker
Epidrugs
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics
Human cancer
Humans
Medical Oncology
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - therapy
Personalized medicine
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Summary:DNA methylation is a highly regulated process that has a critical role in human development and homeostatic control of the cell. The number of genes affected by anomalous DNA methylation in cancer-associated pathways is swiftly accelerating and with the advancement of molecular technologies, new layers of complexity are opening up and refining our strategies to combat cancer. DNA methylation profiling is an essential facet to understanding malignant transformation and is becoming an increasingly important tool for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. In this review, the role of DNA methylation in normal cellular function is discussed, as well as how epigenetic aberrations override normal cellular cues that lead to tumor initiation and propagation. The review also focuses on the latest advancements in DNA methylation profiling as a biomarker for early cancer detection, predicting patient clinical outcomes and responses to treatment and provides new insights into epigenetic-based therapy in clinical oncology.
ISSN:1044-579X
1096-3650
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.011