Gastric emptying in healthy children using the Spirulina breath test: The impact of gender, body size, and pubertal development

Background There are no pediatric norms for gastric emptying (GE) measured by nuclear scintigraphy. The 13C‐labeled, stable isotope GE breath test (GEBT) is a non‐radioactive alternative. We aimed to determine normative GEBT ranges in a cohort of healthy children and examine the influence of age, ge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurogastroenterology and motility 2021-06, Vol.33 (6), p.e14063-n/a
Main Authors: Kovacic, Katja, Zhang, Liyun, Nugent Liegl, Melodee, Pawela, Louis, Simpson, Pippa, Sood, Manu R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age
Appetite Depressants
Body size
Body Size - physiology
Breath tests
Breath Tests - methods
Carbon Dioxide - metabolism
Child
Children
Cohort Studies
Excretion
Female
Gastric emptying
Gastric Emptying - physiology
gastric emptying breath test
Gender
healthy children
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Male
normative data
Puberty
Puberty - physiology
Reference Values
Scintigraphy
Sex Characteristics
Sex differences
Spirulina
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Summary:Background There are no pediatric norms for gastric emptying (GE) measured by nuclear scintigraphy. The 13C‐labeled, stable isotope GE breath test (GEBT) is a non‐radioactive alternative. We aimed to determine normative GEBT ranges in a cohort of healthy children and examine the influence of age, gender, puberty, and body surface area (BSA). Methods Healthy children ages 8–18 years completed the [13C]‐Spirulina platensis GEBT after an overnight fast. Breath samples were collected at baseline, every 15 min × 1 h, then every 30 min for 4 h total. The 13CO2 excretion rate was determined by the change in 13CO2/12CO2 over time in each breath sample, expressed as kPCD (Percent 13C Dose excreted/min). A mixed model with random time was used for multivariable analysis and outcome fit into a quadratic model. Key Results The 100 subjects completed the test meal within allotted time. Median (IQR) age was 13.5 (11.3–15.5) years; 51% were female. Females had lower 13CO2 excretion rates (slower GE) than males across time (p 
ISSN:1350-1925
1365-2982
DOI:10.1111/nmo.14063