Anticonvulsant mechanisms of the ketogenic diet and caloric restriction

Interaction of different genes after the ketogenic diet or caloric restriction therapy exerting a variety of action mechanisms that might contribute to epilepsy treatment. A. Genes upregulated by the KD. B. Genes down-regulated by the KD. C. Genes upregulated by caloric restriction. D. Genes down-re...

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Published in:Epilepsy research 2020-12, Vol.168, p.106499-106499, Article 106499
Main Authors: Rudy, Luna, Carmen, Rubio, Daniel, Rojas, Artemio, Rosiles, Moisés, Rubio-Osornio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Caloric restriction
Epilepsy
Ketogenic diet
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Summary:Interaction of different genes after the ketogenic diet or caloric restriction therapy exerting a variety of action mechanisms that might contribute to epilepsy treatment. A. Genes upregulated by the KD. B. Genes down-regulated by the KD. C. Genes upregulated by caloric restriction. D. Genes down-regulated by caloric restriction. Almost all genes interact. Until recently, there has not been evidence described to prove some of these genes as a potential pharmacotherapy. Retrieved from: https://string-db.org/cgi/network.pl. [Display omitted] •Caloric restriction mechanism of action does not rely on ketone bodies contrary to the ketogenic diet mechanism of action.•Ketogenic diet and caloric restriction can activate KATP channels to regulate neuron membrane excitability.•Ketogenic diet and caloric restriction improve mitochondrial function by decreasing reactive oxygen species, involved in epilepsy .•Ketogenic diet and caloric restriction can inhibit mTOR pathway to decrease seizures.•Ketogenic diet and caloric restriction anti-seizure effects lead to an increase of AMPK and ATP. Many treatments have been proposed to control epileptic seizures, such as the ketogenic diet and caloric restriction. However, seizure control has not yet been improved completely in all patients. Probably, due to the lack of understanding regarding this neurological disorder pathogenesis or pathophysiology, including its molecular approach. Currently, there is not much information about the molecular processes and genes involved, and their relation to the possible beneficial effects of diet therapy on epilepsy. The ketogenic diet and caloric restriction are implicated in potential anti-seizure mechanisms related to the gut microbiome, metabolic pathways, hormones and neurotransmitters, mitochondria improvement, a role in inflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. In this review, we pretend to describe the molecular mechanism and the possible genes involved in the different ketogenic diet and caloric restriction mechanisms of action described to decrease neural excitability and, therefore, epileptic seizures, especially when conventional treatment is not enough to achieve control of epilepsy.
ISSN:0920-1211
1872-6844
DOI:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106499