Myxoid neoplasms of bone and soft tissue: a pattern-based approach

The accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal neoplasms is difficult but a pattern-based approach combined with ancillary testing has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy. The pattern-based approach is particularly appropriate for myxoid lesions. The authors reviewed their personal experience of ov...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology JASC 2021-05, Vol.10 (3), p.278-292
Main Authors: Layfield, Lester J., Dodd, Leslie, Klijanienko, Jerzy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Bone
Bone Neoplasms - diagnosis
Bone Neoplasms - pathology
Chondrosarcoma - diagnosis
Chondrosarcoma - pathology
Cytology
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Fibrosarcoma - diagnosis
Fibrosarcoma - pathology
Fine-needle aspiration
Ganglion Cysts - diagnosis
Ganglion Cysts - pathology
Humans
Liposarcoma, Myxoid - diagnosis
Liposarcoma, Myxoid - pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Myxoid
Myxoma - diagnosis
Myxoma - pathology
Soft tissue
Soft Tissue Neoplasms - diagnosis
Soft Tissue Neoplasms - pathology
Young Adult
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Summary:The accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal neoplasms is difficult but a pattern-based approach combined with ancillary testing has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy. The pattern-based approach is particularly appropriate for myxoid lesions. The authors reviewed their personal experience of over 3 decades of diagnosing myxoid neoplasms of musculoskeletal lesions. The authors found that myxoid lesions can be accurately classified based on cell type, nuclear atypia, presence of blood vessel fragments, as well as the results of immunohistochemical and molecular testing. Musculoskeletal lesions with a prominence of myxoid or chondroid material in the background can be accurately diagnosed using pattern analysis and ancillary testing. •This paper is a comprehensive description of the cytomorphology of myxoid lesions of the soft tissues.•This paper describes ancillary immunocytochemical and molecular diagnostic features.•This paper discusses the differential diagnoses for each lesion.
ISSN:2213-2945
2213-2945
DOI:10.1016/j.jasc.2020.09.009