Swine diets impact manure characteristics and gas emissions: Part I protein level

Crude protein (CP) is a key nutrient in swine diets supplying essential amino acids, N, and S to animals for growth are fed in excess to maximize growth. Swine diets reduced in CP and supplemented with crystalline amino acids have been shown effective at maintaining animal growth while increasing ov...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2021-02, Vol.755 (Pt 2), p.142528-142528, Article 142528
Main Authors: Trabue, S.L., Kerr, B.J., Scoggin, K.D., Andersen, D., van Weelden, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia
Ammonia - analysis
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Crude protein
Diet
Diet formulation
Dietary Proteins
Dietary Supplements
Female
Manure
Odor
Swine
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Crude protein (CP) is a key nutrient in swine diets supplying essential amino acids, N, and S to animals for growth are fed in excess to maximize growth. Swine diets reduced in CP and supplemented with crystalline amino acids have been shown effective at maintaining animal growth while increasing overall CP use efficiency. A feeding trial study was conducted to determine the effects of reduced dietary CP levels on manure slurry chemical properties and gas emissions. A total of 24 gilts averaging 111 kg BW were fed corn and soybean meal diets formulated with 8.7, 14.8, and 17.6% CP using crystalline amino acid supplementation in the 8.7 and 14.8% CP diets, but only intact protein, soybean meal, in the diet containing 17.6% CP. Diets were fed for 45 d with an average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 2.70 kg across all diets. Animals were fed twice daily with both feces and urine collected during each feeding and added to animal-specific manure storage containers. At the end of the study, manure slurries were monitored for gas emissions and chemical properties. Increasing dietary CP levels increased manure pH, total solids, total N, and total S, including increased levels of ammonia (NH3), volatile fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. Pigs fed lower CP diets had lower emissions of NH3, branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), and phenol compounds which translated into lower emissions in total odor. Emissions of NH3 and odor were reduced by 8.9% and 4.2%, respectively, for each unit percent decline in dietary CP. Hydrogen sulfide was the dominate odorant associated with manure odor emissions. Based on nutrient mass balance, animal retention of dietary N and S increased by 7.0% and 2.4%, respectively, for each unit percent drop in crude protein fed animals, while C retention in the animal declined by 2.1%. [Display omitted] •Animal retention of N increased by 7.0% for each unit drop in dietary crude protein.•Lower dietary crude protein diets decreased manure pH, total solids, total N, and total S.•Lower dietary crude protein diets decreased manure NH3, volatile fatty acids, and phenols.•Ammonia emissions decreased by 8.9% for each unit drop in crude protein.•Odor emissions decreased by 4.2% for each unit drop in crude protein.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142528