Emerging immunotherapies in multiple myeloma

ABSTRACTDespite considerable advances in treatment approaches in the past two decades, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Treatments for myeloma continue to evolve with many emerging immunotherapies. The first immunotherapy used to treat hematologic cancers, including multiple myeloma, w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMJ (Online) 2020-09, Vol.370, p.m3176-m3176
Main Authors:	Shah, Urvi A, Mailankody, Sham
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Antibodies Apoptosis Bispecific antibodies Chimeric antigen receptors Clinical trials Cytotoxicity Drugs Drugs, Investigational - therapeutic use FDA approval Humans Immune checkpoint Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use Immunomodulation Immunotherapy Lymphocytes T Monoclonal antibodies Multiple myeloma Multiple Myeloma - therapy Patients Plasma cells Stem Cell Transplantation Stem cells Targeted cancer therapy Thalidomide Transplants & implants
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Summary:	ABSTRACTDespite considerable advances in treatment approaches in the past two decades, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Treatments for myeloma continue to evolve with many emerging immunotherapies. The first immunotherapy used to treat hematologic cancers, including multiple myeloma, was an allogeneic stem cell transplant. In the mid-2000s, immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide, and subsequently pomalidomide were proven to be effective in multiple myeloma and substantially improved survival. The next wave of immunotherapies for multiple myeloma included the monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and elotuzumab, which were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015. Subsequently, a variety of immunotherapies have been developed for multiple myeloma, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, and checkpoint inhibitors. Many of these emerging treatments target the B cell maturation antigen, which is expressed on plasma cells, although several other novel receptors are also being studied. This review summarizes the evidence of these various immunotherapies, their mechanism of action, and data from clinical trials regarding the treatments’ safety and efficacy.
ISSN:	1756-1833 1756-1833