Independent Role of Severe Obesity as a Risk Factor for COVID‐19 Hospitalization: A Spanish Population‐Based Cohort Study

Objectives This study analyzed the association between severe obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) hospitalization and severe disease. Methods The incidence of hospitalization for laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 was evaluated in a prospective population‐based cohort of 433,995 persons aged...

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Published in:Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Md.), 2021-01, Vol.29 (1), p.29-37
Main Authors: Fresán, Ujué, Guevara, Marcela, Elía, Fernando, Albéniz, Esther, Burgui, Cristina, Castilla, Jesús, Martín, Carmen, Navascués, Ana, Portillo, María Eugenia, Polo, Isabel, Ezpeleta, Carmen, Gorricho, Javier, Ardanaz, Eva, Ascunce, Nieves, Arriazu, Maite, Barricarte, Aurelio, Barriuso, Laura, Casado, Itziar, Díaz, Jorge, Ederra, María, Egüés, Nerea, Garde, Carmen, Gómez‐Ibáñez, Carlos, García Cenoz, Manuel, García, Vega, Iriarte, Nerea, Martínez‐Baz, Iván, Moreno‐Iribas, Conchi, Sayón, Carmen, Vidán, Juana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Aged
Body Mass Index
Chronic illnesses
Cohort analysis
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Disease
Electronic health records
Female
Health services
Hospitalization
Hospitals
Humans
Hypertension
Incidence
Intensive care
Intensive Care Units
International organizations
Laboratories
Male
Medical records
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity, Morbid - complications
Obesity, Morbid - epidemiology
Pandemics
Population
Population-based studies
Primary care
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sociodemographics
Spain - epidemiology
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Summary:Objectives This study analyzed the association between severe obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) hospitalization and severe disease. Methods The incidence of hospitalization for laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 was evaluated in a prospective population‐based cohort of 433,995 persons aged 25 to 79 years in Spain during March and April of 2020. Persons with and without class 3 obesity were compared using Poisson regression to estimate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) from class 3 obesity of COVID‐19 hospitalization and of severe disease (intensive care unit admission or death). Differences in the effect by age, sex, and chronic conditions were evaluated. Results Individuals with class 3 obesity had a higher risk of hospitalization (aRR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.66‐2.93) and developing severe COVID‐19 (aRR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.20‐4.40). In people younger than 50 years, these effects were more pronounced (aRR = 5.02, 95% CI: 3.19‐7.90 and aRR = 13.80, 95% CI: 3.11‐61.17, respectively), whereas no significant effects were observed in those aged 65 to 79 years (aRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.70‐2.12 and aRR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.52‐3.88, respectively). Sex and chronic conditions did not modify the effect of class 3 obesity in any of the outcomes. Conclusions Severe obesity is a relevant risk factor for COVID‐19 hospitalization and severity in young adults, having a magnitude similar to that of aging. Tackling the current obesity pandemic could alleviate the impact of chronic and infectious diseases.
ISSN:1930-7381
1930-739X
DOI:10.1002/oby.23029