A recurrent TMEM106B mutation in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: A rapid diagnostic assay

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are genetically heterogeneous syndromes, presenting abnormalities in myelin development in the central nervous system. Recently, a recurrent de novo mutation in TMEM106B was identified to be responsible for five cases of HLD. We report the first Japanese case...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979) 2020-09, Vol.42 (8), p.603-606
Main Authors: Ikemoto, Satoru, Hamano, Shin-ichiro, Kikuchi, Kenjiro, Koichihara, Reiko, Hirata, Yuko, Matsuura, Ryuki, Hiraide, Takuya, Nakashima, Mitsuko, Inoue, Ken, Kurosawa, Kenji, Saitsu, Hirotomo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Child, Preschool
Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases - diagnosis
Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases - genetics
Humans
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
Lysosome
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Membrane Proteins - genetics
Muscle Hypotonia - diagnosis
Muscle Hypotonia - genetics
Mutation
Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics
Nystagmus, Pathologic - diagnosis
Nystagmus, Pathologic - genetics
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
PLP1
Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
TMEM106B
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Summary:Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are genetically heterogeneous syndromes, presenting abnormalities in myelin development in the central nervous system. Recently, a recurrent de novo mutation in TMEM106B was identified to be responsible for five cases of HLD. We report the first Japanese case of TMEM106B gene mutation. A 3-year-old patient presented with nystagmus and muscle hypotonia in his neonatal period, followed by delayed psychomotor development. Brain magnetic resonance images showed delayed myelination. Wave III and subsequent components were not presented by his auditory brainstem response. These features were similar to those observed in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). Proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene screening, Mendelian disease panel exome, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were sequentially performed. After excluding mutations in either PLP1 or other known HLD genes, WES identified a mutation c.754G > A, p.(Asp252Asn) in TMEM106B, which appeared to occur de novo, as shown by Sanger sequencing and SalI restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products. This is the sixth case of HLD with a TMEM106B mutation. All six cases harbored the same variant. This specific TMEM106B mutation should be investigated when a patient shows PMD-like features without PLP1 mutation. Our PCR-SalI digestion assay may serve as a tool for rapid HLD diagnosis.
ISSN:0387-7604
1872-7131
DOI:10.1016/j.braindev.2020.06.002