Are coinfections with COVID‐19 and influenza low or underreported? An observational study examining current published literature including three new unpublished cases

As the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues, one major point of uncertainty is the impact this novel pathogen will have during the upcoming 2020 to 2021 flu season. While the influenza virus is a known contributor to human morbidity and mortality, the question of how a coinfection...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2020-11, Vol.92 (11), p.2489-2497
Main Authors: Antony, Suresh J., Almaghlouth, Nouf K., Heydemann, Emily L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
coinfection
Coinfection - epidemiology
Coinfection - mortality
Coinfection - virology
Complications
Coronaviruses
Cough
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - mortality
Diagnostic systems
Female
Fever
Humans
Influenza
influenza virus
Influenza, Human - epidemiology
Laboratories
Leukopenia
Literature reviews
Lymphopenia
Male
Middle Aged
Morbidity
Mortality
Observational studies
Opacity
Pandemics
Pathogens
Public health
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory distress syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signs and symptoms
Texas - epidemiology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Transaminases
Viral diseases
Virology
Viruses
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:As the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues, one major point of uncertainty is the impact this novel pathogen will have during the upcoming 2020 to 2021 flu season. While the influenza virus is a known contributor to human morbidity and mortality, the question of how a coinfection between COVID‐19 and influenza might manifest is of utmost concern. The aim of this study was to review the limited cases of COVID‐19/influenza coinfection currently available in the literature, along with cases in the community of El Paso, TX, to determine whether any patterns of clinical presentation and morbidity emerged. An international review of the literature was conducted. Six published articles describing COVID‐19/influenza coinfection were identified, with a total of 13 patients described therein. Three additional patients were identified from the El Paso, TX data. The most common presenting symptoms were fever and cough. The most common laboratory findings were elevated C‐reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients presented with viral pneumonia findings on CT, and nine had findings of ground‐glass opacity. Finally, complications were reported in six patients, with most common complication being acute respiratory distress syndrome. The results of the review indicate that, due to the similarity in presentation between COVID‐19 and influenza, further analysis will be required to understand the effects of coinfection on morbidity and mortality. However, the limited number of coinfection cases in the literature indicates that the implementation of COVID‐19 control measures may continue to play a role in limiting the spread of these human respiratory pathogens. Highlights There are no clear clinical characteristics delineating the coinfection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Influenza. The most common laboratory findings of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Influenza coinfection on initial presentation were leukopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated CRP. Elevated liver transaminases AST and ALT were seen in almost one‐third of the coinfected patients included in this review. The use of routine SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory screening is not sufficient to rule out the possibility of coinfection. The influence of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic should enhance utilization of a better diagnostic approach and testing of other respiratory pathogens. The reporting of COVID‐19 and Influenza coinfection in the literature was low despite high rates of singular infection.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.26167