Animal morbilliviruses and their cross-species transmission potential

Like measles virus (MV), whose primary hosts are humans, non-human animal morbilliviruses use SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) and PVRL4 (nectin-4) expressed on immune and epithelial cells, respectively, as receptors. PVRL4′s amino acid sequence is highly conserved across species, wh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in virology 2020-04, Vol.41, p.38-45
Main Authors: Takeda, Makoto, Seki, Fumio, Yamamoto, Yuta, Nao, Naganori, Tokiwa, Hiroaki
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Like measles virus (MV), whose primary hosts are humans, non-human animal morbilliviruses use SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) and PVRL4 (nectin-4) expressed on immune and epithelial cells, respectively, as receptors. PVRL4′s amino acid sequence is highly conserved across species, while that of SLAM varies significantly. However, non-host animal SLAMs often function as receptors for different morbilliviruses. Uniquely, human SLAM is somewhat specific for MV, but canine distemper virus, which shows the widest host range among morbilliviruses, readily gains the ability to use human SLAM. The host range for morbilliviruses is also modulated by their ability to counteract the host’s innate immunity, but the risk of cross-species transmission of non-human animal morbilliviruses to humans could occur if MV is successfully eradicated.
ISSN:1879-6257
1879-6265
DOI:10.1016/j.coviro.2020.03.005