In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic properties of 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on bladder cancer cells

•Exploring the cytotoxic effects of 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA).•Rationalizing reduction of bladder cancer recurrence after utilization of 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA).•Mechanistic role of 5-ALA in induction of bladder cancer apoptosis. 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA) may be used as a photo diagnostic agent in bl...

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Published in:Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 2020-06, Vol.30, p.101714-101714, Article 101714
Main Authors: Fahmy, Usama A., Fahmy, Omar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5-Aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid - pharmacology
Aminolevulinic Acid - therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Apoptosis
Bladder cancer
Cell Line, Tumor
Chemotherapy
Cytotoxicity
Hexaminolevulinate
Humans
Photochemotherapy - methods
Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology
Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - drug therapy
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Summary:•Exploring the cytotoxic effects of 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA).•Rationalizing reduction of bladder cancer recurrence after utilization of 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA).•Mechanistic role of 5-ALA in induction of bladder cancer apoptosis. 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA) may be used as a photo diagnostic agent in bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of 5-ALA on bladder cancer cells. T24 cells treated with various concentrations of mitomycin (MC), 5-ALA and an MC/5-ALA mixture were evaluated to determine the role of 5-ALA on MC cytotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis was conducted, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Caspase 3 enzyme and reactive oxygen species were measured. Our initial studies exploring the impact of combination therapy on cell viability demonstrated improved cytotoxic effects on T24 and RT cells with relatively low doses of 5-ALA/MC in conjunction with MC alone. Indicated no significant difference between the IC50 of MC and MC/5-ALA in T24 cells, while IC50 value was decreased by 25 % in RT4 cells in 5-ALA/MC in comparing with MC alone. However, examination of cell cycle phase arrests by flow cytometry revealed significant PreG1 apoptosis and cell growth arrest in G2/M in T24 cells treated with the MC/5-ALA mixture compared with MC treatment. In addition, caspase 3 enzyme was increased by 1.15-fold in T24 cells treated with MC/5-ALA in comparison with MC alone. These results suggest that 5-ALA might possess anti-cancer properties and is not only a photo diagnostic element.
ISSN:1572-1000
1873-1597
DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101714