Systemic BK Virus Infection in a Pediatric Patient With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Human BK virus (BKV) infection is known to occur mostly during childhood with the establishment of latent infection with no tissue damage or clinical manifestations. However, conditions causing immunosuppression can lead to increased virus replication and tissue damage. Although the tissues most com...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric and developmental pathology 2020-08, Vol.23 (4), p.317-321
Main Authors: Espinosa-González, Ricardo, E Aguilar León, Diana, Rodríguez-Jurado, Rodolfo, Uribe-Uribe, Norma O
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
BK Virus - isolation & purification
Fatal Outcome
Gastroenteritis - diagnosis
Gastroenteritis - immunology
Gastroenteritis - pathology
Gastroenteritis - virology
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Infant
Male
Pancreatitis - diagnosis
Pancreatitis - immunology
Pancreatitis - pathology
Pancreatitis - virology
Polyomavirus Infections - diagnosis
Polyomavirus Infections - immunology
Polyomavirus Infections - pathology
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - complications
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - diagnosis
Tumor Virus Infections - diagnosis
Tumor Virus Infections - immunology
Tumor Virus Infections - pathology
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Summary:Human BK virus (BKV) infection is known to occur mostly during childhood with the establishment of latent infection with no tissue damage or clinical manifestations. However, conditions causing immunosuppression can lead to increased virus replication and tissue damage. Although the tissues most commonly involved are the kidneys, bladder, ureters and, to some extent, brain tissue, there are some reports that suggest that BKV may cause multisystemic infections. In this case, a 12-month-old child was seen to suffer from multiple gastrointestinal infections. This prompted a search for immunodeficiencies, which revealed the presence of severe combined immunodeficiency. The child was eventually hospitalized and continued showing recurrent bouts of gastroenteritis as well as lower respiratory infection. After multiple antibiotic courses, he developed acute kidney injury, a hemophagocytic syndrome, and eventually respiratory failure, which led to his death a year later. Autopsy findings revealed the presence of a disseminated BKV infection involving the kidneys, ureters, leptomeninges, and pancreas. Analysis of the literature failed to show any previous case of BKV pancreatitis. The present case suggests that BKV can damage more tissues than previously reported and may be responsible for systemic infections in immunosuppressed patients.
ISSN:1093-5266
1615-5742
DOI:10.1177/1093526619892181