Thoracolumbar burst fractures associated with incomplete neurological deficit in patients under the age of 40: Is the posterior approach enough? Surgical treatment and results in a case series of 10 patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years

•In traumatic burst-fractures with neurological deficits surgery is indicated, however there is no universally agreed upon surgical approach.•The higher functional demand should be considered a key factor for the choice of surgery in young patients under the age of 40.•The main goals of treatment ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Injury 2020-02, Vol.51 (2), p.312-316
Main Authors: Piccone, L, Cipolloni, V, Nasto, LA, Pripp, C, Tamburrelli, FC, Maccauro, G, Pola, E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Burst fracture
Neurological deficits
Posterior approach
Spinal fracture
Thoracolumbar spine
Young patients
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Summary:•In traumatic burst-fractures with neurological deficits surgery is indicated, however there is no universally agreed upon surgical approach.•The higher functional demand should be considered a key factor for the choice of surgery in young patients under the age of 40.•The main goals of treatment are to restore spinal stability, decompress neurological structures, and restore vertebral height / segmental sagittal alignment.•The posterior approach alone appears acceptable with regard to clinical, radiological and functional outcomes at 2 years follow-up in patients younger than 40. Surgical management of thoracolumbar burst fractures is controversial. While the goals of surgical treatment are well accepted (i.e., fracture reduction and stabilization, neural elements decompression, and segmental angular deformity correction), the choice of the best surgical approach (i.e., posterior vs. anterior vs. combined approach) remains controversial. Several studies have debated the advantages of each surgical approach but there is no definitive evidence available to date, particularly in young adult patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether posterior approach alone can be a valid surgical treatment for patient under the age of 40 affected by thoracolumbar burst fractures and incomplete neurological deficits. A total of 10 consecutive patients affected by thoracolumbar burst fractures associated with incomplete neurological deficits treated at our institution from January 2015 to February 2017 were included in our study. All patients were under the age of 40 at the time of injury and underwent decompression and stabilization using the posterior surgical approach alone. Demographics, clinical, and radiographic parameters were recorded preoperatively, postoperatively and at the latest available follow-up. The minimum follow-up was set at 2 years post-operatively. The mean operative time was 303.6 min (range, 138–486). Average blood loss was 756 mL (range, 440–2100). Nine out of ten patients returned to a normal neurological status after surgery while 1 patient showed some improvement but did not recover completely. Segmental kyphotic deformity improved from a mean of 21.8° before surgery to 14.8° at the time of the last follow-up. The anterior and posterior wall height of the fractured vertebra was restored with an average of 4 mm. The Visual Analogue Scale score reported an improvement from the mean preoperative value of 7.92 to 1.24 at the last follow-up;
ISSN:0020-1383
1879-0267
DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2019.12.031