Multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome

Aim To review multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods A literature review of articles from 1980 to 2019 using the MEDLINE interface of PubMed was performed using the following search terms‐ [Down syndrome] or [Trisomy 21] AND [Cardiology] or [Respiratory] o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta Paediatrica 2020-06, Vol.109 (6), p.1096-1111
Main Authors: Lagan, Niamh, Huggard, Dean, Mc Grane, Fiona, Leahy, Timothy Ronan, Franklin, Orla, Roche, Edna, Webb, David, O’ Marcaigh, Aengus, Cox, Des, El-Khuffash, Afif, Greally, Peter, Balfe, Joanne, Molloy, Eleanor J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apnea
Autism
Autoimmune diseases
Cardiovascular disease
Celiac disease
Child
Children
Comorbidity
Congenital defects
Congenital diseases
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes mellitus
Down syndrome
Down Syndrome - complications
Down Syndrome - epidemiology
Down Syndrome - therapy
Down's syndrome
Epilepsy
health surveillance guidelines
Hearing Tests
Heart Defects, Congenital
Heart diseases
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Immune system
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Literature reviews
multiorgan Involvement
Neurodevelopment
Pharynx
Pulmonary hypertension
Respiratory tract diseases
screening
Seizures
Sleep
Sleep disorders
Thyroid
Trisomy
Trisomy 21
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Summary:Aim To review multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods A literature review of articles from 1980 to 2019 using the MEDLINE interface of PubMed was performed using the following search terms‐ [Down syndrome] or [Trisomy 21] AND [Cardiology] or [Respiratory] or [neurodevelopment] or [epilepsy] or [musculoskeletal] or [immune system] or [haematological] or [endocrine] or [gastrointestinal] or [ophthalmological] or [Ear Nose Throat] or [dermatology] or [renal]. Results Congenital heart disease particularly septal defects occur in over 60% of infants with DS and 5%‐34% of infants develop persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn irrespective of a diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Early recognition and management of aspiration, obstructive sleep apnoea and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) could reduce risk of developing pulmonary hypertension in later childhood. Children with DS have an increased risk of autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder and epilepsy particularly infantile spasms, which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal and renal system as well as autoimmune diseases, coeliac disease, arthropathy, thyroid dysfunction fold diabetes mellitus and dermatological conditions are more common. Hearing and visual anomalies are also well recognised association with DS (Table 1). Conclusion Children with DS are at an increased risk of multiorgan comorbidities. Organ‐specific health surveillance may provide holistic care for the children and families with DS throughout childhood.
ISSN:0803-5253
1651-2227
DOI:10.1111/apa.15153