Perinatal programming of metabolic diseases: The role of glucocorticoids

The worldwide increase in metabolic diseases has urged the scientific community to improve our understanding about the mechanisms underlying its cause and effects. A well supported area of studies had related maternal stress with early programming to the later metabolic diseases. Mechanisms upon ori...

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Published in:Metabolism, clinical and experimental clinical and experimental, 2020-03, Vol.104, p.154047-154047, Article 154047
Main Authors: Facchi, Júlia Cristina, Lima, Thalyne Aparecida Leite de, Oliveira, Lucas Ryba de, Costermani, Hercules de Oliveira, Miranda, Ginislene Dias Souza, de Oliveira, Júlio Cezar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Animals
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - metabolism
Female
Fetal Development
Glucocorticoids - metabolism
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - metabolism
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
Insulin resistance
Metabolic Diseases - metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Pregnancy
Undernutrition
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Summary:The worldwide increase in metabolic diseases has urged the scientific community to improve our understanding about the mechanisms underlying its cause and effects. A well supported area of studies had related maternal stress with early programming to the later metabolic diseases. Mechanisms upon origins of metabolic disturbances are not yet fully understood, even though stressful factors rising glucocorticoids have been put out as pivotal trigger by programming metabolic diseases as long-term consequence. Considering energy balance and glucose homeostasis, by producing and/or sensing regulator signals, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and endocrine pancreas are directly affected by glucocorticoids excess. We focus on the evidences reporting the role of increased glucocorticoids due to perinatal insults on the physiological systems involved in the metabolic homeostasis and in the target organs such as endocrine pancreas, white adipose tissue and blood vessels. Besides, we review some mechanisms underlining the malprogramming of type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Studies on this field are currently ongoing and even there is a good understanding regarding the effects of glucocorticoids addressing metabolic diseases, few is known about the relationship between maternal insults rising glucocorticoids to pups' metabolic disturbances, a thorough understanding about that may provide pivotal clinical clues regarding those disorders. •Perinatal undernutrition rises glucocorticoids malprogramming human and animal metabolism, influencing metabolic syndrome.•Reduction in PKC-ζ and in the PI3-K regulatory-p85α and activating-p110β subunities contributes to insulin resistance.•Glucocorticoids stimulating PGC-1α and inhibiting Pdx-1 gene expression leads pancreatic β-cells dysfunction.•Glucocorticoids blocking AMPK, direct/indirectly activates SREBP-1c gene expression, influencing obesity.•Glucocorticoids imbalance vasoactive factors, stimulating hypertension.
ISSN:0026-0495
1532-8600
DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154047