Cancer testis antigens in sarcoma: Expression, function and immunotherapeutic application

Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Patient outcomes remain especially grim for those with recurrent or metastatic disease, and current therapeutic strategies have not significantly improved outcomes over the past few decades. This has led to a number of studies...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer letters 2020-06, Vol.479, p.54-60
Main Authors: Wei, Ran, Dean, Dylan C., Thanindratarn, Pichaya, Hornicek, Francis J., Guo, Wei, Duan, Zhenfeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigen (tumor-associated)
Antigens
Antigens, Neoplasm - metabolism
Antitumor activity
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Bone cancer
Cancer testis antigen
Cancer therapies
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell growth
Drug resistance
Esophagus
Ewings sarcoma
Expression
Function
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genes
Humans
Immune response
Immunotherapy
Liposarcoma
Lymphocytes T
Medical prognosis
Medical research
Melanoma
Mesenchyme
Metastases
Metastasis
Ovaries
Patients
Protein expression
Proteins
Sarcoma
Sarcoma - drug therapy
Sarcoma - metabolism
Stem cells
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Testes
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Description
Summary:Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Patient outcomes remain especially grim for those with recurrent or metastatic disease, and current therapeutic strategies have not significantly improved outcomes over the past few decades. This has led to a number of studies assessing novel therapies. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are tumor-associated antigens with physiologic expression in the testis and various malignancies, including sarcomas. Genes encoding CTAs include MAGE, NY-ESO-1, PRAME, TRAG-3/CSAGE, and SSX. The importance and function of CTAs in tumorigenesis have gained recognition in recent years. They are also proving as robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutically, antigens derived from CTAs are highly recognizable by T lymphocytes and therefore capable of generating a potent antitumor immune response. CTAs are, therefore, promising targets for novel immunotherapies. Here we review the emerging works on expression, function, and immunotherapeutic application of CTAs in sarcoma therapy. •Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are commonly expressed in sarcomas.•Expression of CTAs is proving as robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.•CTAs are promising targets for novel sarcoma immunotherapies.
ISSN:0304-3835
1872-7980
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.024