Hepatotropic viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D and E) in a rural Brazilian population: prevalence, genotypes, risk factors and vaccination

Abstract Background People living in settlement projects represent an emergent rural population in Brazil. Data on their health is scarce and there are no data on viral hepatitis in this population. This study investigated the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A-E in residents of settlement projects i...

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Published in:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020-02, Vol.114 (2), p.91-98
Main Authors: Caetano, Karlla A A, Bergamaschi, Fabiana P R, Carneiro, Megmar A S, Pinheiro, Raquel S, Araújo, Lyriane A, Matos, Marcos A, Carvalho, Paulie M R S, de Souza, Márcia M, de Matos, Márcia A D, Del-Rios, Nativa Helena A, Martins, Regina M B, Motta-Castro, Ana Rita C, Soares, Caroline C, Cook, Robert L, Teles, Sheila A
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Abstract Background People living in settlement projects represent an emergent rural population in Brazil. Data on their health is scarce and there are no data on viral hepatitis in this population. This study investigated the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A-E in residents of settlement projects in central Brazil. Methods During 2011 and 2012, 923 people living in rural settlements in central Brazil were interviewed and tested to estimate the prevalence of exposure to viral hepatitis A-E, to identify the circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and risk factors for HBV exposure and to evaluate adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination series. Results Overall, 85.9, 3.9, 0.4 and 17.3% of individuals showed evidence of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus, HCV and HBV, respectively. Among HBV-DNA positive samples (n=8), subgenotypes A1 (n=3) and A2 (n=1) and genotype D/subgenotype D3 (n=4) were identified. Hepatitis D virus superinfection was detected in 0/16 HBsAg-positive participants. A total of 229 individuals showed serological evidence of HBV vaccination. In total, 442 settlers were eligible for vaccination, but only 150 individuals completed the vaccine series. All anti-HCV-positive samples (n=4) were also HCV-RNA positive and identified as subtype 1a. Conclusions The intermediate endemicity of HAV, the higher prevalence of HBV exposure compared with urban areas and the low compliance with HBV vaccination requires preventive measures focused on rural populations, emphasizing the need for HAV and HBV vaccination.
ISSN:0035-9203
1878-3503
DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trz080