In vitro anthelmintic activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Piper cubeba fruits and isolated natural products against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

•In vitro anthelmintic activity of Piper cubeba fruits and isolated lignans was evaluated.•Piper cubeba fruits extract and isolated lignans showed high anthelmintic activity.•Cubebin, hinokinin and dihydrocubebin as possible targets for the new anthelmintics. This study describes the in vitro anthel...

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Published in:	Veterinary parasitology 2019-11, Vol.275, p.108932-108932, Article 108932
Main Authors:	de Paula Carlis, Matheus Souza, Féboli, Aline, de Laurentiz, Antonio Carlos, da Silva Filardi, Rosemeire, de Oliveira, Anna Helena Prizantelli, Andrade e Silva, Márcio Luis, dos Anjos, Luciano Alves, Guidi Magalhães, Lizandra, da Silva de Laurentiz, Rosangela
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	4-Butyrolactone - analogs & derivatives 4-Butyrolactone - chemistry 4-Butyrolactone - isolation & purification 4-Butyrolactone - pharmacology Animals Benzodioxoles - chemistry Benzodioxoles - isolation & purification Benzodioxoles - pharmacology Chromatography, Gel - veterinary Cubebin Dihydrocubebin Dioxolanes - chemistry Dioxolanes - isolation & purification Dioxolanes - pharmacology Egg hatch test Feces - parasitology Fruit - chemistry Hinokinin Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - drug therapy Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - parasitology Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic - veterinary Larva - drug effects Larva - growth & development Larva - physiology Larval development test Larval migration test Lignans - chemistry Lignans - isolation & purification Lignans - pharmacology Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - veterinary Nematoda - drug effects Nematoda - growth & development Nematoda - physiology Nematode Infections - drug therapy Nematode Infections - parasitology Nematode Infections - veterinary Ovum - drug effects Ovum - physiology Piper - chemistry Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - pharmacology Sheep Sheep Diseases - parasitology
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Summary:	•In vitro anthelmintic activity of Piper cubeba fruits and isolated lignans was evaluated.•Piper cubeba fruits extract and isolated lignans showed high anthelmintic activity.•Cubebin, hinokinin and dihydrocubebin as possible targets for the new anthelmintics. This study describes the in vitro anthelmintic activity of a hydroalcoholic extract from the fruit of Piper cubeba and its major isolated components against the eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes obtained from naturally-infected ovines. In vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated using the egg hatch test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and L3 migration inhibition test (LMT). The extract showed ovicidal and larvicidal activity, with an EC50 of 200 μg/mL and 83.00 μg/mL in the EHT and LDT, respectively. The extract inhibited 100% of larval migration at the lowest tested concentration (95 μg/mL). The crude extract was purified using successive silica gel chromatographic columns, which revealed the lignans hinokinin, cubebin and dihydrocubebin as the major compounds that were present, which were then used in in vitro tests. Cubebin, dihydrocubebin and hinokinin showed higher activity than the crude extract, with an EC50 for ovicidal activity of 150.00 μg/mL, 186.70 μg/mL and 68.38 μg/mL, respectively. In the LDT, cubebin presented an EC50 of 14.89 μg/mL and dihydrocubebin of 30.75 μg/mL. Hinokinin inhibited 100% the larval development at all concentrations evaluated. In the LMT, dihydrocubebin inhibited 100% the larval migration in all concentrations evaluated while cubebin and hinokinin showed EC50 values of 0.89 μg/mL and 0.34 μg/mL, respectively. P. cubeba extract is rich in several classes of active compounds, but here we demonstrate that the described anthelmintic activity may be related to the presence of these lignans, which are present in larger concentrations than other components of the extract. Our results demonstrate for first time the anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep for this class of special metabolites that are present in P. cubeba fruit. However, future detailed studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of P. cubeba fruits extract and active lignans in in vivo tests.
ISSN:	0304-4017 1873-2550