Dual Function of Magnesium in Bone Biomineralization

Magnesium (Mg2+), as a main component of bone, is widely applied to promote bone growth and regeneration. However, Mg2+ can chemically inhibit the crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite (HA). The underlying mechanisms by which Mg2+ improves bone biomineralization remain e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced healthcare materials 2019-11, Vol.8 (21), p.e1901030-n/a
Main Authors: Zhang, Jinglun, Tang, Lin, Qi, Haoning, Zhao, Qin, Liu, Yan, Zhang, Yufeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Bone biomaterials
bone biomineralization
Bone growth
Bone implants
Bone marrow
bone offspring
Calcification
Calcium
Calcium phosphates
Collagen
Crystallization
embryo development
Embryogenesis
Embryonic growth stage
Hydroxyapatite
Magnesium
Mesenchyme
Mineralization
Morphology
Offspring
Organic chemistry
Osteogenesis
Regeneration
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
Substitute bone
Surgical implants
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Summary:Magnesium (Mg2+), as a main component of bone, is widely applied to promote bone growth and regeneration. However, Mg2+ can chemically inhibit the crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite (HA). The underlying mechanisms by which Mg2+ improves bone biomineralization remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that Mg2+ plays dual roles in bone biomineralization from a developmental perspective. During embryonic development, the Mg2+ concentration is enriched in the early stage from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to E15.5, but gradually decreases to a stable state in the late phase, after E15.5. Appropriate concentrations of Mg2+ can promote the mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, while excessive Mg2+ impairs their osteogenesis. The earlier the Mg2+ is added, the stronger the observed inhibition of mineralization. In particular, less Mg2+ is present in fully mineralized collagen than in poorly mineralized collagen. Furthermore, a high concentration of Mg2+ changes the crystalline morphology of HA and inhibits collagen calcification. Functionally, a high‐Mg2+ diet inhibits bone biomineralization in mouse offspring. Taken together, the results suggest that appropriate regulation of Mg2+ concentration over time is vital for normal biomineralization. This study is significant for the future design of bone substitutes and implants associated with Mg2+ content. Magnesium is an important element in bones. However, there is a paradox that increased magnesium concentrations decrease the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite (HA), while magnesium alloys are conducive to bone regeneration in vivo. Herein, it is demonstrated that magnesium plays dual roles in biomineralization from developmental perspective and appropriate regulation of magnesium concentration over time is vital for normal biomineralization.
ISSN:2192-2640
2192-2659
DOI:10.1002/adhm.201901030