Ecological relationship between social capital and cognitive decline in Japan: A preliminary study for dementia‐friendly communities

Aim Building community social capital is important for socially inclusive societies, leading to dementia‐friendly communities. However, quantitative evidence is currently lacking regarding the effectiveness of dementia‐friendly communities, including the association with community social capital. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geriatrics & gerontology international 2019-09, Vol.19 (9), p.950-955
Main Authors: Murayama, Hiroshi, Ura, Chiaki, Miyamae, Fumiko, Sakuma, Naoko, Sugiyama, Mika, Inagaki, Hiroki, Okamura, Tsuyoshi, Awata, Shuichi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Built Environment - organization & administration
Built Environment - standards
cognitive decline
Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis
Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology
Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology
Cognitive Dysfunction - rehabilitation
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia
dementia‐friendly communities
Ecological studies
ecological study
Female
Geriatric Assessment - methods
Geriatric Assessment - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Independent Living - psychology
Independent Living - standards
Japan
Japan - epidemiology
Male
Mental Status and Dementia Tests
Psychosocial Support Systems
Social Capital
Social Environment
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Summary:Aim Building community social capital is important for socially inclusive societies, leading to dementia‐friendly communities. However, quantitative evidence is currently lacking regarding the effectiveness of dementia‐friendly communities, including the association with community social capital. The current study examined the ecological relationship between social capital and the proportion of people with cognitive decline. Methods Data were obtained from population‐based, cross‐sectional surveys (mail‐in questionnaire survey and home‐interview survey) of community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years, living in 17 district areas in Machida City, Tokyo, Japan. Social capital included social networks (neighborly ties) and social support (emotional support and instrumental support). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Japanese version (with a cut‐off of 23/24). The proportions of people with high social capital and cognitive decline (Mini‐Mental State Examination, Japanese version ≤23) were calculated for residential districts and used in the analysis. Results The district‐level social capital indicators were positively and moderately correlated with the proportion of people with cognitive decline. After adjusting for the aging rate, educational level and population density of the district, an ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that higher proportions of people with strong neighborly ties and people with strong instrumental support were significantly associated with a higher proportion of people with cognitive decline. This trend was stronger among women than men. Conclusions People can continue to live in communities with high social capital, even if they are experiencing cognitive decline. Although this study was preliminary, it provided empirical evidence for the benefits of promoting dementia‐friendly communities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 950–955.
ISSN:1444-1586
1447-0594
DOI:10.1111/ggi.13736