Application of multivariate optimization for the selective extraction of phenolic compounds in cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.)

An extraction method based on a multivariate analytical approach was developed for enhancement of the phenolic compounds in cashew nut extracts. The different extractor solvents (acetone, water, ethanol, and methanol) and their binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations were evaluated using a simp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Talanta (Oxford) 2019-12, Vol.205, p.120100-120100, Article 120100
Main Authors: Mendes, Mikael Kélvin de Albuquerque, Oliveira, Christian Bremmer dos Santos, Veras, Márcia Denise Alves, Araújo, Bruno Quirino, Dantas, Clecio, Chaves, Mariana Helena, Lopes Júnior, Cícero Alves, Vieira, Edivan Carvalho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetone - chemistry
Anacardic Acids - analysis
Anacardic Acids - isolation & purification
Anacardium - chemistry
Cashew nuts
Cluster Analysis
ESI(−)-Q/TOFMS
Ethanol - chemistry
Methanol - chemistry
Mixture designs
Multivariate Analysis
Nuts - chemistry
Phenolic compounds
Principal Component Analysis
Selective extraction
Solid Phase Extraction - methods
Solvents - chemistry
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization - methods
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Summary:An extraction method based on a multivariate analytical approach was developed for enhancement of the phenolic compounds in cashew nut extracts. The different extractor solvents (acetone, water, ethanol, and methanol) and their binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations were evaluated using a simplex-centroid design and surface response methodology. The special cubic model exhibits no lack of fit and explains 89.2% of the variance. The total phenolic measurements by the Folin-Ciocalteu method revealed the highest values for ethanol (5.93 mg GAE g−1) and acetone–methanol–ethanol ternary mixture (5.92 mg GAE g−1) extracts. ESI (−)-Q/TOFMS analyses combined with PCA and HCA revealed the presence of fatty acids, phospholipids, and sugars in the ternary mixture cashew extract, while for the ethanol extract only phenolic compounds, such as anacardic acids and derivatives, were found. The proposed approach was adequate to reach the optimal extractor which ethanol, a low-toxicity solvent, enabled the selective extraction of a high content of phenolic compounds from cashew nuts. [Display omitted] •A multivariate analytical approach is highlighted to optimize the phenol extraction.•The simplex-centroid design and Response Surface Methodology were used.•A high content of total phenols was found using ethanol (5.93 mg GAE g−1).•ESI-Q/TOFMS analyses combined PCA and HCA showed selective extraction using ethanol.•The method is simple, fast, cheap and efficient for phenol extraction from cashew nut.
ISSN:0039-9140
1873-3573
DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.100