Standardized measurement of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D] and its putative role as a serum biomarker in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease

The current review provides an overview on the development of 25(OH)D measurement standardization tools over the last three decades and clarifies whether there is a role as a serum biomarker for vitamin D in neurological diseases. In the past, a lack of internationally recognized 25(OH)D reference m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinica chimica acta 2019-10, Vol.497, p.82-87
Main Authors: Bivona, Giulia, Lo Sasso, Bruna, Iacolino, Giorgia, Gambino, Caterina Maria, Scazzone, Concetta, Agnello, Luisa, Ciaccio, Marcello
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
25(OH)D
Alzheimer Disease - blood
Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis
Alzheimer's disease
Biomarker
Biomarkers - blood
Chromatography, Liquid
Humans
Parkinson Disease - blood
Parkinson Disease - diagnosis
Parkinson's disease
Standardization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Vitamin D
Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives
Vitamin D - blood
Vitamin D - standards
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Summary:The current review provides an overview on the development of 25(OH)D measurement standardization tools over the last three decades and clarifies whether there is a role as a serum biomarker for vitamin D in neurological diseases. In the past, a lack of internationally recognized 25(OH)D reference measurement procedures and reference standard materials led to unstandardized serum total 25(OH)D results among research and clinical care laboratories. The vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has been introduced in 2010 to address this problem, however, vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) reports still show substantial sample- to- sample variability. Further, immunoassays, which are mainly used in clinical care laboratories, display analytical issues, including matrix-effects interferences, which cannot be overcome by the standardization process. Hence, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) methods should be used to measure 25(OH)D. Low vitamin D serum levels have been found in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggesting a role for vitamin D as a serum biomarker in these diseases. However, few studies reported 25(OH)D standardized results, thus, no clear evidence on the potential role of 25(OH)D serum levels in these diseases exists. •There is no evidence-based consensus on which 25(OH)D values define Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency and sufficiency.•Recent DEQAS reports show substantial sample- to- sample variability, especially using immunoassays.•LC/MS-MS method shows the best performance for measuring 25(OH)D in terms of accuracy, compared to immunoassays.•Few studies on Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease patients reported 25(OH)D standardized data.•No clear evidence on the role of 25(OH)D serum levels as a useful biomarker in neurological diseases is available.
ISSN:0009-8981
1873-3492
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.022