MADS-box genes underground becoming mainstream: plant root developmental mechanisms

Plant growth is largely post-embryonic and depends on meristems that are active throughout the lifespan of an individual. Developmental patterns rely on the coordinated spatio-temporal expression of different genes, and the activity of transcription factors is particularly important during most morp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The New phytologist 2019-08, Vol.223 (3), p.1143-1158
Main Authors: Alvarez-Buylla, Elena R., García-Ponce, Berenice, de la Paz Sánchez, María, Espinosa-Soto, Carlos, García-Gómez, Mónica L., Piñeyro-Nelson, Alma, Garay-Arroyo, Adriana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis root development
Auxins
Embryos
epigenesis
Epigenesis, Genetic
Eukaryotes
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene regulation
gene regulatory networks
Genes
Genes, Plant
Life span
MADS Domain Proteins - genetics
MADS Domain Proteins - metabolism
MADS‐box gene phylogeny
MADS‐box genes
Meristems
Phylogeny
Plant growth
Plant roots
Plant Roots - genetics
Plant Roots - growth & development
Polycomb group proteins
Root development
Tansley review
Transcription
Transcription factors
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Summary:Plant growth is largely post-embryonic and depends on meristems that are active throughout the lifespan of an individual. Developmental patterns rely on the coordinated spatio-temporal expression of different genes, and the activity of transcription factors is particularly important during most morphogenetic processes. MADS-box genes constitute a transcription factor family in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, their proteins participate in all major aspects of shoot development, but their role in root development is still not well characterized. In this review we synthetize current knowledge pertaining to the function of MADS-box genes highly expressed in roots: XAL1, XAL2, ANR1 and AGL21, as well as available data for other MADS-box genes expressed in this organ. The role of Trithorax group and Polycomb group complexes on MADS-box genes’ epigenetic regulation is also discussed. We argue that understanding the role of MADS-box genes in root development of species with contrasting architectures is still a challenge. Finally, we propose that MADS-box genes are key components of the gene regulatory networks that underlie various gene expression patterns, each one associated with the distinct developmental fates observed in the root. In the case of XAL1 and XAL2, their role within these networks could be mediated by regulatory feedbacks with auxin.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.15793