A weak topological insulator state in quasi-one-dimensional bismuth iodide

A weak topological insulator state in quasi-one-dimensional bismuth iodide

The major breakthroughs in understanding of topological materials over the past decade were all triggered by the discovery of the Z -type topological insulator-a type of material that is insulating in its interior but allows electron flow on its surface. In three dimensions, a topological insulator...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature (London) 2019-02, Vol.566 (7745), p.518-522
Main Authors: Noguchi, Ryo, Takahashi, T, Kuroda, K, Ochi, M, Shirasawa, T, Sakano, M, Bareille, C, Nakayama, M, Watson, M D, Yaji, K, Harasawa, A, Iwasawa, H, Dudin, P, Kim, T K, Hoesch, M, Kandyba, V, Giampietri, A, Barinov, A, Shin, S, Arita, R, Sasagawa, T, Kondo, Takeshi
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
Algebraic topology
Backscattering
Beta phase
Bismuth
Crystal structure
Crystals
Electric insulators
Electrical insulators
Fermi surfaces
Iodides
Lasers
Microscopy
Phase transitions
Physics research
Retirement benefits
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Structure
Technology
Topological insulators
Topology
Van der Waals forces
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Summary:The major breakthroughs in understanding of topological materials over the past decade were all triggered by the discovery of the Z -type topological insulator-a type of material that is insulating in its interior but allows electron flow on its surface. In three dimensions, a topological insulator is classified as either 'strong' or 'weak' , and experimental confirmations of the strong topological insulator rapidly followed theoretical predictions . By contrast, the weak topological insulator (WTI) has so far eluded experimental verification, because the topological surface states emerge only on particular side surfaces, which are typically undetectable in real three-dimensional crystals . Here we provide experimental evidence for the WTI state in a bismuth iodide, β-Bi I . Notably, the crystal has naturally cleavable top and side planes-stacked via van der Waals forces-which have long been desirable for the experimental realization of the WTI state . As a definitive signature of this state, we find a quasi-one-dimensional Dirac topological surface state at the side surface (the (100) plane), while the top surface (the (001) plane) is topologically dark with an absence of topological surface states. We also find that a crystal transition from the β-phase to the α-phase drives a topological phase transition from a nontrivial WTI to a normal insulator at roughly room temperature. The weak topological phase-viewed as quantum spin Hall insulators stacked three-dimensionally -will lay a foundation for technology that benefits from highly directional, dense spin currents that are protected against backscattering.
ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687