Degradation and Deactivation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Exposure to Free Chlorine, Monochloramine, Chlorine Dioxide, Ozone, Ultraviolet Light, and Hydroxyl Radical

This work investigated degradation (measured by qPCR) and biological deactivation (measured by culture-based natural transformation) of extra- and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs and iARGs) by free available chlorine (FAC), NH2Cl, O3, ClO2, and UV light (254 nm), and of eARGs by •OH...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2019-02, Vol.53 (4), p.2013-2026
Main Authors: He, Huan, Zhou, Peiran, Shimabuku, Kyle K, Fang, Xuzhi, Li, Shu, Lee, Yunho, Dodd, Michael C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Biodegradation
Cell culture
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Deactivation
Degradation
Disinfection
Disinfection & disinfectants
Drug resistance
Exposure
Genes
Genetic transformation
Hydroxyl radicals
Inactivation
Monochloramine
Multidrug resistance
Mutation
Oxidation
pH effects
Rate constants
Ultraviolet radiation
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:This work investigated degradation (measured by qPCR) and biological deactivation (measured by culture-based natural transformation) of extra- and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs and iARGs) by free available chlorine (FAC), NH2Cl, O3, ClO2, and UV light (254 nm), and of eARGs by •OH, using a chromosomal ARG (blt) of multidrug-resistant Bacillus subtilis 1A189. Rate constants for degradation of four 266–1017 bp amplicons adjacent to or encompassing the acfA mutation enabling blt overexpression increased in proportion to #AT+GC bps/amplicon, or in proportion to #5′-GG-3′ or 5′-TT-3′ doublets/amplicon, with respective values ranging from 0.59 to 2.3 (×1011 M–1 s–1) for •OH, 1.8–6.9 (×104 M–1 s–1) for O3, 3.9–9.2 (×103 M–1 s–1) for FAC, 0.35–1.2­(×101 M–1 s–1) for ClO2, and 2.0–8.8 (×10–2 cm2/mJ) for UV at pH 7, and from 1.7–4.4 M–1 s–1 for NH2Cl at pH 8. For FAC, NH2Cl, O3, ClO2, and UV, ARG deactivation paralleled degradation of amplicons approximating a ∼800–1000 bp acfA-flanking sequence required for natural transformation in B. subtilis, whereas deactivation outpaced degradation for •OH. At practical disinfectant exposures, eARGs and iARGs were ≥90% degraded/deactivated by FAC, O3, and UV, but recalcitrant to NH2Cl and ClO2. iARG degradation/deactivation always lagged cell inactivation. These findings provide a quantitative framework for evaluating ARG fate during disinfection/oxidation, and support using qPCR as a proxy for tracking ARG deactivation under carefully selected circumstances.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.8b04393