Determination of the species status of Fallopia multiflora, Fallopia multiflora var. angulata and Fallopia multiflora var. ciliinervis based on morphology, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analysis

[Display omitted] •Characteristics to distinguish F. multiflora, F. multiflora var. angulata, and F. multiflora var. ciliinervis were shown.•There were significant differences in chemical compositions among the three taxa.•F. multiflora var. ciliinervis is an independent species.•F. multiflora var....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 2019-03, Vol.166, p.406-420
Main Authors: Xie, Hui-qun, Chu, Shan-shan, Zha, Liang-ping, Cheng, Ming-en, Jiang, Lu, Ren, Dan-dan, Yu, Yi, Peng, Hua-sheng, Peng, Dai-yin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemical analysis
Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson
Fallopia multifloravar. ciliinervis (Nakai) Yonekura & H. Ohashi
Fallopia. multiflora var. angulata (S. Y. Liu) H. J. Yan, Z. J. Fang & Shi Xiao Yu
Morphology
Phylogenetic analysis
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Characteristics to distinguish F. multiflora, F. multiflora var. angulata, and F. multiflora var. ciliinervis were shown.•There were significant differences in chemical compositions among the three taxa.•F. multiflora var. ciliinervis is an independent species.•F. multiflora var. angulata should be classified as a variety of F. multiflora. Relationships among Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson., F. multiflora var. angulata (S. Y. Liu) H. J. Yan, Z. J. Fang & Shi Xiao Yu., and F. multiflora var. ciliinervis (Nakai) Yonekura & H. Ohashi. were determined based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analysis. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of root tubers or rhizomes, stems, and leaves were compared among the three taxa. The content of 11 chemical components (catechin, polydatin, stilbene glucoside, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, rhein, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, quercetin, physcion, and resveratrol) in the three taxa was determined by HPLC, and the chemical diversity was further evaluated by principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Molecular phylogenies were mapped using two chloroplast markers (matK and the psbA-trnH intergenic region) and a nuclear ribosomal marker [internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region]. Analyses of macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics revealed that the subterranean organs of F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. angulata are root tubers, whereas those of F. multiflora var. ciliinervis are rhizomes. In the phylogenetic trees, F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. angulata were clustered into a clade based on the combine matK + psbA-trnH sequence, with neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference bootstrap support values of 99, 85, and 0.99, respectively. In addition, there were obvious differences in the chemical compositions of F. multiflora, F. multiflora var. angulata and F. multiflora var. ciliinervis. The root tubers of F. multiflora contain higher levels of stilbene glucoside and catechin, but lower levels of polydatin and anthraquinone compounds. In contrast to F. multiflora, the rhizomes of F. multiflora var. ciliinervis contain higher levels of polydatin and anthraquinone compounds, but lack stilbene glucoside. The content of all 11 assessed components was lower in F. multiflora var. angulata than in F. multiflora and F. multiflora var. cillinervis. Principal component and hierarchical cluster
ISSN:0731-7085
1873-264X
DOI:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.040