Comparing the Efficacy of Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, and Ozone in the Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in Water from Parana State, Southern Brazil

In the present work, assays were performed to compare the efficacy of hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, and ozone in the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocyst in public water supply from Brazilian South conditions. Experiments were carried out in samples containing 2 x 10⁴ oocysts/ml of C. parvu...

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Published in:Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2008-12, Vol.151 (2-3), p.464-473
Main Authors: Pereira, Juliana Tracz, Costa, Adriana Oliveira, Oliveira Silva, Márcia Benedita de, Schuchard, Wagner, Osaki, Silvia Cristina, Castro, Edilene Alcântara de, Paulino, Rosangela Clara, Soccol, Vanete Thomaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry
Biotechnology
Brazil
calves
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chlorine
Chlorine - pharmacology
Chlorine Compounds - pharmacology
chlorine dioxide
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidium parvum - drug effects
disinfectants
Disinfection - methods
Drinking water
feces
Hypochlorous Acid - pharmacology
in vitro studies
oocysts
Oocysts - drug effects
Oxides - pharmacology
Ozone
Ozone - pharmacology
public water supply
Water Purification - methods
Water treatment
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Summary:In the present work, assays were performed to compare the efficacy of hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, and ozone in the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocyst in public water supply from Brazilian South conditions. Experiments were carried out in samples containing 2 x 10⁴ oocysts/ml of C. parvum purified from feces of experimentally contaminated calves. An in vitro excystation method was used to evaluate oocysts' viability and to determine the inactivation rates of hypochlorous acid at 2 ppm, chlorine dioxide at 1, 2, and 5 ppm, and ozone at the doses of 0.18, 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, and 1.44 mg/l. By using hypochlorous acid, the maximum inactivation rate obtained was 49.04% after 120 min. Chlorine dioxide at 5 ppm inactivated 90.56% of oocysts after 90 min of contact. Ozone was the most effective product, rendering an inactivation of 100% with the concentration of 24 mg/l. Resistance of Cryptosporidium to the usual disinfectants and the need for more effective water treatments to prevent waterborne diseases in Brazil are discussed in this manuscript.
ISSN:0273-2289
1559-0291
DOI:10.1007/s12010-008-8214-3