Review: Male systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of sex disparities in this disease

Although males with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represent 4—22% of all SLE patients, it may not be appropriate that these cases should be subordinated to females with SLE in terms of most health-related issues. Over the past few decades, some distinctive features of male lupus have been obser...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Lupus 2010-02, Vol.19 (2), p.119-129
Main Authors: Lu, L-J., Wallace, DJ, Ishimori, ML, Scofield, RH, Weisman, MH
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Animals
Antibodies
Clinical Trials as Topic
Environmental aspects
Female
Females
Gender differences
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Hypertension
Kidney diseases
Lupus
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - drug therapy
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - epidemiology
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - physiopathology
Male
Males
Sex Factors
Thrombosis
White people
Womens health
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Summary:Although males with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represent 4—22% of all SLE patients, it may not be appropriate that these cases should be subordinated to females with SLE in terms of most health-related issues. Over the past few decades, some distinctive features of male lupus have been observed with regard to genetic and environmental aspects of sex differences, clinical features, and outcome. In addition, recent insights into sex disparities in this disease have brought forth a few plausible and novel pathogenetic hypotheses. This review discusses these findings and sex disparities in SLE that appear to be especially noteworthy and pertinent to our understanding of male SLE. Lupus (2010) 19, 119—129.
ISSN:0961-2033
1477-0962
DOI:10.1177/0961203309350755