Environmental Impacts of Training Activities at an Air Weapons Range

Within Canada, it has been recognized in the last decade that military training activities may have impacts on the environmental quality of training ranges. However, impacts of activities specific to Air Force Bases have not yet been intensely documented. A hydrogeological study was accomplished at...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental quality 2008-03, Vol.37 (2), p.308-317
Main Authors: Bordeleau, G, Martel, R, Ampleman, G, Thiboutot, S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alberta
Anions - analysis
Chemical compounds
Commercial fishing
Contamination
Environment
environmental impact
Environmental Monitoring
Explosive Agents - analysis
explosives
Fresh Water - analysis
fuels
Geologic Sediments - analysis
Groundwater
groundwater contamination
lakes
Metals
Metals - analysis
Military aircraft
military lands
Nitrates - analysis
Perchlorates - analysis
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - analysis
sediment contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
soil pollution
Soils
Thyroid gland
Trinitrotoluene - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
water pollution
Water supply
Water Supply - analysis
Weapons
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Summary:Within Canada, it has been recognized in the last decade that military training activities may have impacts on the environmental quality of training ranges. However, impacts of activities specific to Air Force Bases have not yet been intensely documented. A hydrogeological study was accomplished at the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range, Alberta, to evaluate the environmental impacts of using bombs, rockets, strafing, and open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) on the quality of soil, ground water, surface water, and lake sediments. Samples were analyzed for metals, anions, ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4), and energetic materials (EM). It was found that training activities did not result in measured values being exceeded on the basis of guidance values for surface water and lake sediments. Contamination by metals was mostly limited to soils, and some metals may be related to the use of bombs (Cd, Cu, Pb), strafe (Cu), and rockets (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, U, V, Zn). TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) was the main EM found in soils, while RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) was more common in ground water. Both are related to live bombing, while nitroglycerine (NG) is related to rocket use and was detected in soils only. Aluminum, nitrate, and ammonium perchlorate detected in ground water may be related to live bombing or rockets. OB/OD operations resulted in the presence of various EM in soils, and of perchlorate and nitrate in ground water. Contamination by metals and explosives in soils was localized around the targets and varied significantly in time; however, in ground water it was more constant and may persist for a period of several years after a target has been removed.
ISSN:0047-2425
1537-2537
1537-2537
DOI:10.2134/jeq2007.0197