Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)

[Display omitted] •A large-scale multi-loci phylogeny of family Leuciscidae is built.•Mitochondrial, nuclear and combined gene analyses provided congruent results.•Six subfamilies within Leuciscidae are recognized for the six major clades recovered.•Relationships within leuciscid subfamilies agreed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2018-10, Vol.127, p.781-799
Main Authors: Schönhuth, Susana, Vukić, Jasna, Šanda, Radek, Yang, Lei, Mayden, Richard L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Classification
Leuciscins
Phoxinins
Systematics
Taxon sampling
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Summary:[Display omitted] •A large-scale multi-loci phylogeny of family Leuciscidae is built.•Mitochondrial, nuclear and combined gene analyses provided congruent results.•Six subfamilies within Leuciscidae are recognized for the six major clades recovered.•Relationships within leuciscid subfamilies agreed with some previous studies. The phylogenetic relationships and classification of the freshwater fish order Cypriniformes, like many other species-rich groups of vertebrates, has evolved over time with some consistency and inconsistencies of relationships across various studies. Within Cypriniformes, the Holarctic family Leuciscidae is one of the most widely distributed and highly diverse monophyletic groups of cyprinoids. Despite several studies conducted on this group, alternative hypotheses exist as to the composition and relationships within Leuciscidae. Here we assess the extent, composition, phylogenetic relationships, and taxonomy of this highly diverse group of fishes, using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci and a comprehensive and dense taxonomic sampling. Analyses of 418 specimens (410 species) resolve a well-supported Leuciscidae including 362 specimens (358 taxa) in six well-supported subfamilies/major clades: Pseudaspininae/Far East Asian clade (FEA); Laviniinae/North American Western clade (WC); Plagopterinae/North American Creek Chub-Plagopterin clade (CC-P); Leuciscinae/Eurasian Old World clade (OW) (minus Phoxinus) plus North American Notemigonus; Phoxininae/Eurasian Phoxinus clade (PHX); and Pogonichthyinae/North American clade (NA) including all remaining leuciscids. Within Leuciscidae, neither the traditional phoxinins (Phoxinus, FEA, Nearctic genera) nor all Nearctic genera (minus Notemigonus) are resolved as monophyletic; whereas the WC and CC-P form two independent lineages from remaining North American cyprinoids. A close relationship exists between Eurasian Phoxinus, NA, and OW clades, while FEA is the sister group to all remaining Leuciscidae. Major lineages resolved within these six subfamilies are mostly congruent with some previous studies. Our results suggests a complex evolutionary history of this diverse and widespread group of fishes.
ISSN:1055-7903
1095-9513
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026