Molecular Insight into the Slipperiness of Ice

Measurements of the friction coefficient of steel-on-ice over a large temperature range reveal very high friction at low temperatures (−100 °C) and a steep decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing temperature. Very low friction is only found over the limited temperature range typical for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of physical chemistry letters 2018-06, Vol.9 (11), p.2838-2842
Main Authors: Weber, Bart, Nagata, Yuki, Ketzetzi, Stefania, Tang, Fujie, Smit, Wilbert J, Bakker, Huib J, Backus, Ellen H. G, Bonn, Mischa, Bonn, Daniel
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Measurements of the friction coefficient of steel-on-ice over a large temperature range reveal very high friction at low temperatures (−100 °C) and a steep decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing temperature. Very low friction is only found over the limited temperature range typical for ice skating. The strong decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing temperature exhibits Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of E a ≈ 11.5 kJ mol–1. Remarkably, molecular dynamics simulations of the ice–air interface reveal a very similar activation energy for the mobility of surface molecules. Weakly hydrogen-bonded surface molecules diffuse over the surface in a rolling motion, their number and mobility increasing with increasing temperature. This correlation between macroscopic friction and microscopic molecular mobility indicates that slippery ice arises from the high mobility of its surface molecules, making the ice surface smooth and the shearing of the weakly bonded surface molecules easy.
ISSN:1948-7185
1948-7185
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01188