Normal and Pathological NCAT Image and Phantom Data Based on Physiologically Realistic Left Ventricle Finite-Element Models

The four-dimensional (4-D) NURBS-based cardiac-torso (NCAT) phantom, which provides a realistic model of the normal human anatomy and cardiac and respiratory motions, is used in medical imaging research to evaluate and improve imaging devices and techniques, especially dynamic cardiac applications....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on medical imaging 2006-12, Vol.25 (12), p.1604-1616
Main Authors: Veress, A.I., Segars, W.P., Weiss, J.A., Tsui, B.M.W., Gullberg, G.T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Cardiac imaging research
Cardiovascular disease
Computational modeling
Computer Simulation
Coronary arteriosclerosis
finite element (FE)
Finite Element Analysis
Finite element method
Finite element methods
Heart
Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging
Heart Ventricles - pathology
Heart Ventricles - physiopathology
Humans
Imaging
Imaging phantoms
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
Iron
ischemia
left ventricle
Magnetic field induced strain
Mathematical analysis
Mathematical models
mechanical model
Medical imaging
Models, Anatomic
Models, Cardiovascular
Movement
Myocardium
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
NURBS-based cardiac-torso (NCAT)
Pathology
Phantoms, Imaging
Predictive models
Radiographic Image Enhancement - methods
Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
SPECT phantom
Tomography
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - pathology
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology
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Summary:The four-dimensional (4-D) NURBS-based cardiac-torso (NCAT) phantom, which provides a realistic model of the normal human anatomy and cardiac and respiratory motions, is used in medical imaging research to evaluate and improve imaging devices and techniques, especially dynamic cardiac applications. One limitation of the phantom is that it lacks the ability to accurately simulate altered functions of the heart that result from cardiac pathologies such as coronary artery disease (CAD). The goal of this work was to enhance the 4-D NCAT phantom by incorporating a physiologically based, finite-element (FE) mechanical model of the left ventricle (LV) to simulate both normal and abnormal cardiac motions. The geometry of the FE mechanical model was based on gated high-resolution X-ray multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data of a healthy male subject. The myocardial wall was represented as a transversely isotropic hyperelastic material, with the fiber angle varying from -90deg at the epicardial surface, through 0deg at the midwall, to 90deg at the endocardial surface. A time-varying elastance model was used to simulate fiber contraction, and physiological intraventricular systolic pressure-time curves were applied to simulate the cardiac motion over the entire cardiac cycle. To demonstrate the ability of the FE mechanical model to accurately simulate the normal cardiac motion as well as the abnormal motions indicative of CAD, a normal case and two pathologic cases were simulated and analyzed. In the first pathologic model, a subendocardial anterior ischemic region was defined. A second model was created with a transmural ischemic region defined in the same location. The FE-based deformations were incorporated into the 4-D NCAT cardiac model through the control points that define the cardiac structures in the phantom which were set to move according to the predictions of the mechanical model. A simulation study was performed using the FE-NCAT combination to investigate how the differences in contractile function between the subendocardial and transmural infarcts manifest themselves in myocardial Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. The normal FE model produced strain distributions that were consistent with those reported in the literature and a motion consistent with that defined in the normal 4-D NCAT beating heart model based on tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The addition of a subendocardial ischemic region changed the avera
ISSN:0278-0062
1558-254X
DOI:10.1109/TMI.2006.884213