Identification and characterization of two novel C‐type lectins from the larvae of housefly, Musca domestica L

Lectins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed in various insects and play crucial roles in primary host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Two AMPs (cecropin and attacin) have been identified and characterized in the larvae of housefly. In this study, two novel C‐type lect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 2018-07, Vol.98 (3), p.e21467-n/a
Main Authors: Zhou, Jing, Fang, Nai‐ Nai, Zheng, Ya, Liu, Kai‐ Yu, Mao, Bin, Kong, Li‐ Na, Chen, Ya, Ai, Hui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
agglutination
Animals
Antimicrobial peptides
Antiviral activity
Baculoviridae
Baculovirus
Binding sites
Calcium
Calcium ions
Calcium-binding protein
Carbohydrates
Cecropin
Cecropins - metabolism
C‐type lectin
E coli
Houseflies - genetics
Houseflies - metabolism
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Influenza
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
influenza virus
Innate immunity
Insect Proteins - metabolism
Insects
Larvae
Lectins
Lectins, C-Type - genetics
Lectins, C-Type - isolation & purification
Lectins, C-Type - metabolism
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microorganisms
Molecular chains
mRNA
Musca domestica
Musca domestica L
Peptides
Phylogeny
Proteins
Ribavirin
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Viruses
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Summary:Lectins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed in various insects and play crucial roles in primary host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Two AMPs (cecropin and attacin) have been identified and characterized in the larvae of housefly. In this study, two novel C‐type lectins (CTLs) were obtained from Musca domestica, while their agglutinating and antiviral properties were evaluated. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of four immune genes (MdCTL1, MdCTL2, Cecropin, and Attacin) from M. domestica were significantly upregulated after injection with killed Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. Moreover, purified MdCTL1‐2 proteins can agglutinate E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of calcium ions, suggesting their immune function is Ca2+ dependent. Sequence analysis indicated that typical WND and QPD motifs were found in the Ca2+‐binding site 2 of carbohydrate recognition domain from MdCTL1‐2, which was consistent with their agglutinating activities. Subsequently, antiviral experiments indicated that MdCTL1‐2 proteins could significantly reduce the infection rate of Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells by the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, indicating they might play important roles in insect innate immunity against microbial pathogens. In addition, MdCTL1‐2 proteins could effectively inhibit the replication of influenza H1N1 virus, which was similar to the effect of ribavirin. These results suggested that two novel CTLs could be considered a promising drug candidate for the treatment of influenza. Moreover, it is believed that the discovery of the CTLs with antiviral effects in M. domestica will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of insect immune response against viruses.
ISSN:0739-4462
1520-6327
DOI:10.1002/arch.21467