Dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk in Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Purpose The development of prostate cancer may be impacted by environmental factors, including diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study among Japanese men. Methods A total of 43,469 men who pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer causes & control 2018-06, Vol.29 (6), p.589-600
Main Authors: Shin, Sangah, Saito, Eiko, Sawada, Norie, Ishihara, Junko, Takachi, Ribeka, Nanri, Akiko, Shimazu, Taichi, Yamaji, Taiki, Iwasaki, Motoki, Sasazuki, Shizuka, Inoue, Manami, Tsugane, Shoichiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer
Cancer Research
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Diet
Dietary intake
Environmental factors
Environmental impact
Epidemiology
Follow-Up Studies
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Hematology
Humans
Japan - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Oncology
ORIGINAL PAPER
Prospective Studies
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - epidemiology
Public Health
Risk
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Summary:Purpose The development of prostate cancer may be impacted by environmental factors, including diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study among Japanese men. Methods A total of 43,469 men who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study were followed from 1995 to 1998 to the end of 2012, during which 1,156 cases of prostate cancer were newly identified. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire in the 5-year follow-up survey. Results Three major dietary patterns were derived using exploratory factors analysis: prudent, westernized, and traditional dietary patterns. The westernized dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of total prostate cancer (HR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.00–1.49; p trend = 0.021), localized cancer (HR: 1.24; 95% CI 0.97–1.57; p trend = 0.045), and advanced cancer (HR: 1.23; 95% CI 0.82–1.84; p trend = 0.233). The prudent dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of total and localized prostate cancer, with respective multivariable HRs for the highest and lowest quintiles of 0.71 (95% CI 0.50–1.02; p trend = 0.037) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.38–1.03; p trend = 0.048) among subjects detected by subjective symptoms. No association was found between the traditional dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk among our subjects. Conclusion Our results suggest that a western-style diet may lead to a higher risk of prostate cancer in the total population, whereas the prudent diet contributes to a lower risk among subjects detected by subjective symptoms.
ISSN:0957-5243
1573-7225
DOI:10.1007/s10552-018-1030-3