Increased cytokines in cystic fibrosis patients’ upper airways during a new P. aeruginosa colonization

Objectives Previously, we found linkages of inflammatory mediator levels in CF upper airways (UAW) sampled by nasal lavage (NL) to disease severity and to chronic pathogen colonization such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA). Here, we assess UAW cytokine dynamics in CF patients with a new PsA colonizat...

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Published in:Pediatric pulmonology 2018-07, Vol.53 (7), p.881-887
Main Authors: Jaudszus, Anke, Arnold, Christin, Hentschel, Julia, Hünniger, Kerstin, Baier, Michael, Mainz, Jochen G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis - immunology
Cystic Fibrosis - microbiology
Cytokines
Cytokines - immunology
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Nasal Lavage
Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas Infections - immunology
Pseudomonas Infections - microbiology
Respiratory System - immunology
Respiratory System - microbiology
sinonasal
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Summary:Objectives Previously, we found linkages of inflammatory mediator levels in CF upper airways (UAW) sampled by nasal lavage (NL) to disease severity and to chronic pathogen colonization such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA). Here, we assess UAW cytokine dynamics in CF patients with a new PsA colonization. Methods We measured cytokines in 149 longitudinally obtained NL samples from 34 CF patients. Cytokine concentrations determined prior to, at the time of de novo PsA detection in either UAW or lower airways (LAW), and in a subsequent PsA free period in newly colonized patients (PsA‐new/n = 7) were compared to levels of not‐ (PsA‐free/n = 13) and chronically colonized patients (PsA‐chron/n = 14). Moreover, serological and clinical data were compiled. Results Concentrations of IL‐1ß, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in samples taken prior to new PsA detection were comparable with PsA‐free patients. At the time of PsA detection and, most interestingly, irrespective of whether PsA occurred in the UAW or LAW, IL‐8 increased (P = 0.009) and IL‐6 tended to increase (P = 0.081). In these patients, detection of PsA was not related to elevated PsA antibody‐titers. In comparison, NL of PsA‐chron patients revealed generally lower IL‐8 and IL‐1β concentrations as in PsA‐free patients, most likely due to a consequent antibiotic and anti‐inflammatory therapy (eg, with azithromycin). Conclusions Monitoring cytokine dynamics in the UAW by serial NL sampling may be valuable in the early phase of PsA acquisition and, thus, increase the chance to adjust treatment options early and more specifically.
ISSN:8755-6863
1099-0496
DOI:10.1002/ppul.24004