Ceramide stearic to palmitic acid ratio predicts incident diabetes

Aims/hypothesis Ceramide lipids have a role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we investigated four ceramides and their ratios to find the best predictors of incident diabetes. Methods A validated mass-spectrometric method was applied to measu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetologia 2018-06, Vol.61 (6), p.1424-1434
Main Authors: Hilvo, Mika, Salonurmi, Tuire, Havulinna, Aki S., Kauhanen, Dimple, Pedersen, Eva Ringdal, Tell, Grethe S., Meyer, Klaus, Teeriniemi, Anna-Maria, Laatikainen, Tiina, Jousilahti, Pekka, Savolainen, Markku J., Nygård, Ottar, Salomaa, Veikko, Laaksonen, Reijo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Angina
Angina pectoris
Angina Pectoris - complications
Angina Pectoris - diagnosis
Angiography
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular diseases
Ceramide
Ceramides - blood
Cohort Studies
Coronary Angiography
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - blood
Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis
Female
Finland
Human Physiology
Humans
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Internal Medicine
Lipids
Male
Mass Spectrometry
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Norway
Palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid - blood
Population studies
Risk Factors
Stearic Acids - blood
Weight Loss
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Summary:Aims/hypothesis Ceramide lipids have a role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we investigated four ceramides and their ratios to find the best predictors of incident diabetes. Methods A validated mass-spectrometric method was applied to measure Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) from serum or plasma samples. These ceramides were analysed in a population-based risk factor study (FINRISK 2002, n  = 8045), in a cohort of participants undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris (Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort [WECAC], n  = 3344) and in an intervention trial investigating improved methods of lifestyle modification for individuals at high risk of the metabolic syndrome (Prevent Metabolic Syndrome [PrevMetSyn], n  = 371). Diabetes risk score models were developed to estimate the 10 year risk of incident diabetes. Results Analysis in FINRISK 2002 showed that the Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/16:0) ceramide ratio was predictive of incident diabetes (HR per SD 2.23, 95% CI 2.05, 2.42), and remained significant after adjustment for several risk factors, including BMI, fasting glucose and HbA 1c (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14, 1.57). The finding was validated in the WECAC study (unadjusted HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.53, 2.14; adjusted HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16, 1.66). In the intervention trial, the ceramide ratio and diabetes risk scores significantly decreased in individuals who had 5% or more weight loss. Conclusions/interpretation The Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/16:0) ratio is an independent predictive biomarker for incident diabetes, and may be modulated by lifestyle intervention.
ISSN:0012-186X
1432-0428
DOI:10.1007/s00125-018-4590-6