Expression of growth hormone gene in the baboon eye

The human growth hormone (GH) locus is comprised by two GH (GH1 and GH2) genes and three chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH1, CSH2 and CSH-L) genes. While GH1 is expressed in the pituitary gland, the rest are expressed in the placenta. However, GH1 is also expressed in several extrapituitary tissues,...

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Published in:Experimental eye research 2018-04, Vol.169, p.157-169
Main Authors: Pérez-Ibave, Diana Cristina, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Irám Pablo, Garza-Rodríguez, María Lourdes, Pérez-Maya, Antonio Alí, Luna, Maricela, Arámburo, Carlos, Tsin, Andrew, Perry, George, Mohamed-Noriega, Karim, Mohamed-Noriega, Jibran, Cavazos-Adame, Humberto, Mohamed-Hamsho, Jesús, Barrera-Saldaña, Hugo Alberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Eye - metabolism
Female
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
Gene Expression Regulation - physiology
Growth Hormone - genetics
Humans
Papio hamadryas
Pituitary Gland - metabolism
Pregnancy
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Receptors, Somatotropin - genetics
RNA, Messenger - genetics
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Summary:The human growth hormone (GH) locus is comprised by two GH (GH1 and GH2) genes and three chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH1, CSH2 and CSH-L) genes. While GH1 is expressed in the pituitary gland, the rest are expressed in the placenta. However, GH1 is also expressed in several extrapituitary tissues, including the eye. So to understand the role of this hormone in the eye we used the baboon (Papio hamadryas), that like humans has a multigenic GH locus; we set up to investigate the expression and regulation of GH locus in adult and fetal baboon ocular tissues. We searched in baboon ocular tissues the expression of GH1, GH2, CSH1/2, Pit1 (pituitary transcription factor 1), GHR (growth hormone receptor), GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone), GHRHR (growth hormone releasing hormone receptor), SST (somatostatin), SSTR1 (somatostatin receptor 1), SSTR2 (somatostatin receptor 2), SSTR3 (somatostatin receptor 3), SSTR4 (somatostatin receptor 4), and SSTR5 (somatostatin receptor 5) mRNA transcripts and derived proteins, by qPCR and immunofluorescence assays, respectively. The transcripts found were characterized by cDNA cloning and sequencing, having found only the one belonging to GH1 gene, mainly in the retina/choroid tissues. Through immunofluorescence assays the presence of GH1 and GHR proteins was confirmed in several retinal cell layers. Among the possible neuroendocrine regulators that may control local GH1 expression are GHRH and SST, since their mRNAs and proteins were found mainly in the retina/choroid tissues, as well as their corresponding receptors (GHRH and SSTR1-SSTR5). None of the ocular tissues express Pit1, so gene expression of GH1 in baboon eye could be independent of Pit1. We conclude that to understand the regulation of GH in the human eye, the baboon offers a very good experimental model. •This is the first report of the presence of GH in the baboon eye.•The GH transcript isolated from the baboon eye confirms a new expression site for this hormone.•GH and GHR proteins were present not only in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) but also in the entire retina.•GH and its GHR were both seen localized in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus by immunohistochemistry.•GH may trigger both autocrine and paracrine specific action in different retinal cell lines in the baboon.
ISSN:0014-4835
1096-0007
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.002