Contaminants in organically and conventionally produced winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Belgium

A database has been compiled with the levels of important contaminants (mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides) measured from 2002 to 2005 in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Belgium according to the organic and conventional farming systems. Assuming no further change in contaminant levels...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food additives and contaminants 2007-07, Vol.24 (7), p.713-720
Main Authors: Harcz, P, Temmerman, L. de, Voghel, S. de, Waegeneers, N, Wilmart, O, Vromman, V, Schmit, J.F, Moons, E, Peteghem, C. van, Saeger, S. de
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
baked goods
Belgium
Biological and medical sciences
breakfast cereals
cereal products
Contaminants
Databases, Factual
deoxynivalenol
dietary exposure
environmental fate
Food Analysis - methods
Food Contamination
Food industries
food pathogens
Food toxicology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
heavy metals
Hygiene and safety
insecticide residues
intake
maximum permissible intake
maximum residue limits
Metals, Heavy - analysis
mycotoxins
Mycotoxins - analysis
organic
organic foods
organic production
pastries
Pesticide Residues - analysis
pesticides
pollution
postharvest diseases
secondary metabolites
toxigenic strains
Triticum - chemistry
Triticum aestivum
wheat
whole grain foods
winter wheat
Zea
zearalenone
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Summary:A database has been compiled with the levels of important contaminants (mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides) measured from 2002 to 2005 in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Belgium according to the organic and conventional farming systems. Assuming no further change in contaminant levels during cereal processing and during the preparation of foodstuffs, conservative intakes are estimated for the consumers of cereal-based products such as flour, bread, breakfast cereals, dough and pastry. The results show that for the consumer of organic foodstuffs, estimated daily intakes are 0.56 μg deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.03 μg zearalenone (ZEA), 0.19 μg Cd, 0.28 μg Pb and 0.0006 μg Hg kg-1 body weight, taking into account the average contaminant levels in unprocessed grains and the average cereal products consumptions in Belgium. For the consumers of conventional foodstuffs, the corresponding estimated daily intakes are 0.99 μg DON, 0.06 μg ZEA, 0.17 μg Cd, 0.12 μg Pb and 0.0007 μg Hg kg-1 body weight. In addition, it appears that for the consumers of conventional products, intakes of some post-harvest insecticides have to be taken into account (0.11 μg chlorpyriphos-methyl, 0.2 μg dichlorvos and 0.24 μg pirimiphos-methyl kg-1 bw). When expressed as a percentage of the tolerable/acceptable daily intake (TDI/ADI), it seems that the corresponding estimated (conservative) intakes are the highest for DON (56% for organic and 99% for conventional cereal products), ZEA (16% for organic and 32% for conventional cereal products), and Cd (19% for organic and 17% for conventional cereal products), all other estimated intakes of contaminants (including pesticides) being lower than 10% of the TDI/ADI.
ISSN:0265-203X
1464-5122
DOI:10.1080/02652030601185071