Quantification of para-phenylenediamine and heavy metals in henna dye

Henna (Lawsonia inermis, family Lythraceae) is a shrub cultivated in India, Sri Lanka and North Africa and contains the active dye lawsone (2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone). Henna dye is obtained from the dried leaves, which are powdered and mixed with oil or water and are used to prepare hair and body...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Contact dermatitis 2006-07, Vol.55 (1), p.26-29
Main Authors: Kang, Ik-Joon, Lee, Mu-Hyoung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergic diseases
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Cobalt - adverse effects
Cobalt - analysis
contact dermatitis
Dermatitis, Contact - etiology
Domestic and cosmetic products toxicology
henna
Humans
Immunopathology
Lawsonia
Lythraceae
Medical sciences
Metals and various inorganic compounds
Naphthoquinones - adverse effects
Naphthoquinones - chemistry
nickel
Nickel - adverse effects
Nickel - analysis
para-phenylenediamine
Phenylenediamines - adverse effects
Phenylenediamines - analysis
Skin allergic diseases. Stinging insect allergies
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Tattooing - adverse effects
Toxicology
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Summary:Henna (Lawsonia inermis, family Lythraceae) is a shrub cultivated in India, Sri Lanka and North Africa and contains the active dye lawsone (2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone). Henna dye is obtained from the dried leaves, which are powdered and mixed with oil or water and are used to prepare hair and body dyes. Temporary henna tattoos are readily available worldwide, last on the skin for several weeks and offer a self‐limited, convenient alternative to a permanent tattoo. The addition of para‐phenylenediamine (PPD), which is widely recognised as a sensitizer, increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis from henna tattoo mixtures, and a number of cases have been reported. We examined 15 henna samples available in Korea for the presence of PPD and heavy metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead and mercury using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), mercury analyser and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. PPD, nickel and cobalt were detected in 3, 11 and 4 samples, respectively.
ISSN:0105-1873
1600-0536
DOI:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00845.x