Redox Mediators for Li–O2 Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Li–O2 batteries have received much attention due to their extremely large theoretical energy density. However, the high overpotentials required for charging Li–O2 batteries lower their energy efficiency and degrade the electrolytes and carbon electrodes. This problem is one of the main obstacles in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced materials (Weinheim) 2018-01, Vol.30 (1), p.n/a
Main Authors: Park, Jin‐Bum, Lee, Seon Hwa, Jung, Hun‐Gi, Aurbach, Doron, Sun, Yang‐Kook
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
additives
Catalysis
Catalysts
Charging
electrolytes
Energy efficiency
Flux density
lithium–oxygen batteries
Materials science
Metal air batteries
Oxidation
Power efficiency
Rechargeable batteries
redox mediators
Redox reactions
Side effects
soluble catalysts
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Summary:Li–O2 batteries have received much attention due to their extremely large theoretical energy density. However, the high overpotentials required for charging Li–O2 batteries lower their energy efficiency and degrade the electrolytes and carbon electrodes. This problem is one of the main obstacles in developing practical Li–O2 batteries. To solve this problem, it is important to facilitate the oxidation of Li2O2 upon charging by using effective electrocatalysis. Using solid catalysts is not too effective for oxidizing the electronically isolating Li‐peroxide layers. In turn, for soluble catalysts, red‐ox mediators (RMs) are homogeneously dissolved in the electrolyte solutions and can effectively oxidize all of the Li2O2 precipitated during discharge. RMs can decompose solid Li2O2 species no matter their size, morphology, or thickness and thus dramatically increase energy efficiency. However, some negative side effects, such as the shuttle reactions of RMs and deterioration of the Li‐metal occur. Therefore, it is necessary to study the activity and stability of RMs in Li–O2 batteries in detail. Herein, recent studies related to redox mediators are reviewed and the mechanisms of redox reactions are illustrated. The development opportunities of RMs for this important battery technology are discussed and future directions are suggested. Redox mediators (RMs) for Li−O2 batteries have the potential to solve problems related to limited anodic stability, low round‐trip efficiency, and limited cyclability, which are obstacles in the development of Li−O2 batteries. The status and problems of RMs in Li−O2 batteries are discussed, and the properties and mechanisms of three kinds of RMs: organic, organometallic, and halides, are described.
ISSN:0935-9648
1521-4095
DOI:10.1002/adma.201704162