Single and combined effects of nickel (Ni(II)) and cobalt (Co(II)) ions on activated sludge and on other aerobic microorganisms: A review

Nickel (N(II)) and cobalt (Co(II)) are often encountered in wastewaters. As conventional wastewater treatment may only partially remove nickel and cobalt, a large fraction of the above metals is released to the aquatic environment. Both metals have been identified as micronutrients, at trace concent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2008-11, Vol.159 (2), p.187-203
Main Author: Gikas, Petros
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated sludge
Applied sciences
Bacteria, Aerobic - drug effects
Cobalt
Cobalt - toxicity
Exact sciences and technology
General purification processes
Growth stimulation
Metal toxicity
Microbial growth
Microorganisms
Nickel
Nickel - toxicity
Pollution
Sewage - microbiology
Wastewaters
Water Microbiology
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:Nickel (N(II)) and cobalt (Co(II)) are often encountered in wastewaters. As conventional wastewater treatment may only partially remove nickel and cobalt, a large fraction of the above metals is released to the aquatic environment. Both metals have been identified as micronutrients, at trace concentrations; however, they are both microbial growth inhibitors, at relatively high concentrations. On the other hand, the combined effects (e.g.: growth stimulation or toxicity) of the above metals have been found to differ from the summation of the effects which occur when the metals are applied individually. Moreover, a number of environmental factors (e.g.: pH, biomedium composition, biomass concentration, presence of other heavy metals) can affect the microbial toxicity of the above metallic species. The present review discusses, in a systematic way, the individual and joint effects of the above heavy metals to the growth of microorganisms grown under aerobic conditions, with focus on the growth of activated sludge. Data on multi-metal toxicity are particularly useful in establishing criteria for heavy metal tolerance levels in the environment.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.048