Development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in water

A very simple and powerful microextraction procedure, the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), was used for the determination of the content of 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water samples, using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detection (GC–ECD). The appropriat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2008-10, Vol.158 (2), p.621-627
Main Authors: Rezaei, Fatemeh, Bidari, Araz, Birjandi, Afsoon Pajand, Milani Hosseini, Mohammad Reza, Assadi, Yaghoub
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Continental surface waters
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Exact sciences and technology
Gas chromatography–electron-capture detection
Natural water pollution
Pollution
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis
Reproducibility of Results
Sample preparation
Seawaters, estuaries
Sensitivity and Specificity
Water analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:A very simple and powerful microextraction procedure, the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), was used for the determination of the content of 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water samples, using gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture detection (GC–ECD). The appropriate amount of acetone (disperser solvent) and chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) at the microlevel volume was used for this procedure. The conditions for the microextraction performance were investigated and optimized. The optimized method exhibited a good linearity ( R 2 > 0.996) over the studied range (0.005–2 μg L −1), illustrating a satisfactory precision level with R.S.D. values between 4.1% and 11.0%. The values of the detection limit (S/N = 3) were found to be lower than 0.002 μg L −1. Furthermore, a large enrichment factor for the analytes (up to a 540-fold) was achieved in a very short time for only a 5.00-mL water sample. The effectiveness of the method towards real samples was tested by analyzing well, river and seawater samples. The relative recoveries of the well, river and seawater samples, which had been spiked with different levels of PCBs were equal to 92.0–114.0%, 97.0–102.0% and 96.0–103.0%, respectively. The attained results demonstrated that DLLME combined with GC–ECD was a fast and inexpensive technique for the PCBs determination in water samples.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.005