Porcine endogenous retroviruses and xenotransplantation

Xenotransplantation is defined by the PHS as any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion into a human recipient of either (a) live cells, tissues or organs from a nonhuman animal source, or (b) human body fluids, cells, tissues or organs that have had ex vivo contact wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2008-11, Vol.65 (21), p.3399-3412
Main Author: Wilson, C A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Line - virology
Endogenous Retroviruses - classification
Endogenous Retroviruses - genetics
Endogenous Retroviruses - pathogenicity
Endogenous Retroviruses - physiology
Evolution, Molecular
Gammaretrovirus - classification
Gammaretrovirus - genetics
Gammaretrovirus - pathogenicity
Gammaretrovirus - physiology
Genome, Viral
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - physiology
Humans
Models, Animal
Receptors, Virus - physiology
Recombination, Genetic
Retroviridae Infections - prevention & control
Retroviridae Infections - transmission
Retroviridae Infections - veterinary
Retroviridae Infections - virology
Retrovirus
Species Specificity
Sus scrofa - genetics
Sus scrofa - virology
Swine - genetics
Swine - immunology
Swine - virology
Swine Diseases - transmission
Swine Diseases - virology
Transplantation, Heterologous - adverse effects
Transplantation, Heterologous - immunology
Tumor Virus Infections - prevention & control
Tumor Virus Infections - transmission
Tumor Virus Infections - veterinary
Tumor Virus Infections - virology
Virulence
Virus Replication
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Summary:Xenotransplantation is defined by the PHS as any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion into a human recipient of either (a) live cells, tissues or organs from a nonhuman animal source, or (b) human body fluids, cells, tissues or organs that have had ex vivo contact with live nonhuman animal cells, tissues or organs (Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation). Use of pigs for human xenotransplantation raises concerns about the risks of transfer of infectious agents from the pig cells to xenotransplantation recipients. The observation that the porcine germline harbors genetic loci encoding porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) that are in some cases infectious for human cells has resulted in renewed scientific interest in PERVs. However, in spite of the past 10 years of investigation, the actual risk for PERV infection, replication, and pathogenic outcome in human recipients of xenotransplantation products is still undefined. (Part of a multi-author review).
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8498-z