Prevalence of lifestyle practices that might affect bone health in relation to vitamin D status among female Saudi adolescents

Prevention of osteoporosis begins in childhood and adolescence, as most bone mass is accumulated during the first 2 decades of life, with 90% to 95% of an adult's bone mineral content being achieved by the end of adolescence. Therefore, targeting modifiable behaviors among adolescents has an im...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2018-01, Vol.45, p.108-113
Main Authors: Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Bahijri, Suhad, Borai, Anwar, AlRaddadi, Zeyad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adolescents
Anthropometry
Beverages
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Bone and Bones - physiology
Bone Density
Bone health
Bone mass
Bone mineral content
Caffeine
Calcium
Children
Coffee
Consumption
Correlation coefficient
Correlation coefficients
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dairy Products
Data collection
Diet
Exercise
Exposure
Female
Fractures
Health
Health Behavior
Humans
Independent variables
Life Style
Lifestyle
Mathematical analysis
Nutrient deficiency
Osteoporosis
Physical activity
Physical exercise
Prevalence
Risk analysis
Risk assessment
Risk factors
Saudi
Saudi Arabia - epidemiology
Schools
Smoking
Soft drinks
Sun
Sunlight
Supplements
Tea
Teenagers
Vitamin D
Vitamin D - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - blood
Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology
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Summary:Prevention of osteoporosis begins in childhood and adolescence, as most bone mass is accumulated during the first 2 decades of life, with 90% to 95% of an adult's bone mineral content being achieved by the end of adolescence. Therefore, targeting modifiable behaviors among adolescents has an important effect on attaining adequate peak bone mass and minimizing risks for future fractures. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of behaviors affecting bone health and vitamin D status and to identify factors associated with vitamin D deficiency among female Saudi adolescents. Several modifiable risk factors that influence bone health include low consumption of dairy products, physical inactivity, insufficient sun exposure, smoking, excessive consumption of soft drinks and caffeine, and vitamin D deficiency. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in secondary schools in Jeddah City with 421 randomly selected female adolescents. A predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection, and blood samples were collected to measure levels of vitamin D. A χ2 test and correlation coefficient were used to identify the association between vitamin D and the independent variables. Mean (SD) age was 17.2 y (+1.2 y). Mean vitamin D level was 46 nmol/L (+24.6 nmol/L), ranging from 10.8 to 150.8 nmol/L. The adolescents reported low consumption of dairy products, low prevalence of sun exposure, and low physical inactivity. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 67.5%, and insufficiency was 21%. There were no significant associations between vitamin D status and sociodemographic characteristics; coffee and tea intake; anthropometric measurements; and calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. Intake of dairy products was significantly positively correlated with vitamin D levels. This study indicated that female Saudi adolescents are at significant risk for developing osteoporosis on the basis of the prevalence of risky behaviors, including low consumption of dairy products, high consumption of soft drinks, deficiency in physical exercise, low sun exposure, and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. •In a sample of 421 Saudi adolescents, 67.5% were found to be vitamin D deficient and 21% had insufficient status.•Low consumption of dairy products, lack of physical activity, and avoidance of sun exposure were very common.•A significant and positive correlation between vitamin D status and total intake of dairy products was found.
ISSN:0899-9007
1873-1244
DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.015