CRISPR is knocking on barn door

Contents Genome modification at specific loci in livestock species was only achievable by performing homologous recombination in somatic cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. The difficulty and inefficiency of this method have slowed down the multiple applications of genome modification i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reproduction in domestic animals 2017-10, Vol.52 (S4), p.39-47
Main Authors: Lamas‐Toranzo, I, Guerrero‐Sánchez, J, Miralles‐Bover, H, Alegre‐Cid, G, Pericuesta, E, Bermejo‐Álvarez, P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal products
Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
Bioreactors
bovine
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
CRISPR
Editing
Endonuclease
Environmental impact
farm
Farm buildings
Farming
Food, Genetically Modified - standards
Gene Editing - methods
Gene Editing - veterinary
Genetic Engineering - methods
Genetic Engineering - veterinary
Genetic modification
Genome
Genome editing
Genomes
Goats
Homologous recombination
Homology
Insertion
Livestock
Livestock - genetics
Livestock production
Nuclear transfer
Organ donors
pig
Proteins
Rabbits
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Sheep
Site-directed mutagenesis
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Somatic cells
Species
Swine
transgenic
Transplantation
Zygotes
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Summary:Contents Genome modification at specific loci in livestock species was only achievable by performing homologous recombination in somatic cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. The difficulty and inefficiency of this method have slowed down the multiple applications of genome modification in farm animals. The discovery of site‐specific endonucleases has provided a different and more direct route for targeted mutagenesis, as these enzymes allow the ablation (KO) or insertion (KI) of specific genomic sequences on a single step, directly applied to zygotes. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), the last site‐specific endonuclease to be developed, is a RNA‐guided endonuclease, easy to engineer and direct to a given target site. This technology has been successfully applied to rabbits, swine, goats, sheep and cattle, situating genome editing in livestock species at an attainable distance, thereby empowering scientist to develop a myriad of applications. Genetically modified livestock animals can be used as biomodels to study human or livestock physiology and disease, as bioreactors to produce complex proteins, or as organ donors for transplantation. Specifically on livestock production, genome editing in farm animals may serve to improve productive genetic traits, to improve various animal products, to confer resistance to diseases or to minimize the environmental impact on farming. In this review, we provide an overview of the current methods for site‐specific genome modification in livestock species, discuss potential and already developed applications of genome edition in farm animals and debate about the possibilities for approval of products derived from gene‐edited animals for human consumption.
ISSN:0936-6768
1439-0531
DOI:10.1111/rda.13047