Epizootiology of the ectoparasitic protozoans Ichthyobodo salmonis and Trichodina truttae on wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta

Infestations of the ectoparasitic flagellate Ichthyobodo salmonis and the ciliate Trichodina truttae have caused acute mortalities of hatchery-reared juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in Hokkaido, northern Japan. This study examined the epizootiology of I. salmonis and T. truttae on wild chum s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diseases of aquatic organisms 2017-10, Vol.126 (2), p.99-109
Main Authors: Mizuno, Shinya, Urawa, Shigehiko, Miyamoto, Mahito, Saneyoshi, Hayato, Hatakeyama, Makoto, Koide, Nobuhisa, Ueda, Hiroshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Migration
Animals
Aquaculture
Ectoparasitic Infestations - epidemiology
Ectoparasitic Infestations - parasitology
Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary
Fish Diseases - epidemiology
Fish Diseases - parasitology
Japan - epidemiology
Oncorhynchus keta - parasitology
Protozoan Infections, Animal - epidemiology
Protozoan Infections, Animal - parasitology
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Summary:Infestations of the ectoparasitic flagellate Ichthyobodo salmonis and the ciliate Trichodina truttae have caused acute mortalities of hatchery-reared juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in Hokkaido, northern Japan. This study examined the epizootiology of I. salmonis and T. truttae on wild chum salmon as a possible infection source of the 2 parasitic protozoans in hatcheries. Infestations by both ectoparasites were detected on freshwater-adapted adult and juvenile chum salmon in all 4 rivers examined. This is the first study of an anadromous Pacific salmonid to report infestation of I. salmonis and T. truttae in adults returning for spawning. Among the marine-inhabiting phase of chum salmon, infestation with I. salmonis, but not T. truttae, was observed on adults and juveniles. The 2 protozoans were experimentally transmitted at the same time from wild to hatchery-reared chum salmon juveniles, and caused a high rate of mortality in the hatchery fish. In freshwater, the proliferation rate of T. truttae was greater than that of I. salmonis. These observations show that the euryhaline ectoparasite I. salmonis can infest chum salmon throughout their life cycle, in both river and ocean habitats, whereas T. truttae is able to infest these salmonids only in freshwater. Furthermore, wild chum salmon were shown to be a potential infestation source for both T. truttae and I. salmonis in hatchery fish.
ISSN:0177-5103
1616-1580
DOI:10.3354/dao03162