Effects of childhood trauma on left inferior frontal gyrus function during response inhibition across psychotic disorders

Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. Deficits in response inhibition are common to psychosis and trauma-exposed populations, and associated brain functions may be affected by trauma exposure in psychotic disorders. We aimed to identify the influence of trauma-exposure on brain activation...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological medicine 2018-07, Vol.48 (9), p.1454-1463
Main Authors: Quidé, Y., O'Reilly, N., Watkeys, O. J., Carr, V. J., Green, M. J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adverse childhood experiences
Bipolar disorder
Brain
Brain Mapping
Brain research
Case-Control Studies
Cerebellum
Child
Child abuse & neglect
Child Abuse - psychology
Childhood
Children
Cortex
Cortex (cingulate)
Cortex (motor)
Effects
Female
Frontal gyrus
Functional connectivity
Functional Laterality
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Humans
Inhibitory processes
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Motor task performance
Neural networks
Neural Pathways - physiopathology
Neuroimaging
Neuropsychological Tests
Neurosciences
Original Articles
Prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology
Psychiatry
Psychological trauma
Psychosis
Psychotic Disorders - physiopathology
Regions
Response inhibition
Risk factors
Schizophrenia
Severity
Stress
Supplementary motor area
Trauma
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic life events
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Summary:Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. Deficits in response inhibition are common to psychosis and trauma-exposed populations, and associated brain functions may be affected by trauma exposure in psychotic disorders. We aimed to identify the influence of trauma-exposure on brain activation and functional connectivity during a response inhibition task. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain function within regions-of-interest [left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right supplementary motor area, right inferior parietal lobule and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex], during the performance of a Go/No-Go Flanker task, in 112 clinical cases with psychotic disorders and 53 healthy controls (HCs). Among the participants, 71 clinical cases and 21 HCs reported significant levels of childhood trauma exposure, while 41 clinical cases and 32 HCs did not. In the absence of effects on response inhibition performance, childhood trauma exposure was associated with increased activation in the left IFG, and increased connectivity between the left IFG seed region and the cerebellum and calcarine sulcus, in both cases and healthy individuals. There was no main effect of psychosis, and no trauma-by-psychosis interaction for any other region-of-interest. Within the clinical sample, the effects of trauma-exposure on the left IFG activation were mediated by symptom severity. Trauma-related increases in activation of the left IFG were not associated with performance differences, or dependent on clinical diagnostic status; increased IFG functionality may represent a compensatory (overactivation) mechanism required to exert adequate inhibitory control of the motor response.
ISSN:0033-2917
1469-8978
DOI:10.1017/S0033291717002884